1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 22(2): 7199-7202 (2022)
ASSESSMENT OF CROP LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF OKRA, ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH. UNDER SEMI ARID REGI ON OF RAJASTHAN
Jat, S.M.
Department of Entomology, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract: Investigations on assessment of crop loss in okra was carried out at the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur during kharif 2016 and 2017. The major insect pests infesting okra observed during two consecutive seasons were leafhopper, A. biguttula biguttula; whitefly, B. tabaci and okra shoot and fruit borer and E. vittella. The experimental crop was treated with imidacloprid. The mean pooled yield in treated and untreated plots was 83.96 and 55.39 q ha-1, respectively during 2016 and 2017. The increase in mean yield in treated plots over untreated plots was 28.56 q ha-1. Per cent increase in yield over untreated plots was 55.66 and 47.81 per cent during kharif 2016 and kharif 2017, respectively and pooled data of both the year showed 51.56 per cent increase in yield over untreated plots. During kharif 2016 and 2017, the per cent avoidable losses recorded were 35.76 and 32.34 in treated and untreated plots, respectively. The pooled data of both the years showed 34.02 per cent avoidable loss.
Keywords: Okra, assessment of crop loss, avoidable losses and insect pests
2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 22(2): 7203-7223 (2022)
TWO WHITE ENEMIES: SALT AND SUGAR:
1. CONSUMPTION OF SALT: PROS AND CONS
Gupta, P. D. and Pushkala, K.
Former Director Grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
E. mail: pdg2000@hotmail.com, Cell: 91 80-728 91356
Abstract:Common salt as NaCl is essential to life; therefore about 15% of the salt requirement comes from naturally occurring sources in foods. We need, about 200 to 280 milligrams sodium is all a person needs to keep their body systems in good working order, less then this we cannot remain healthy. The human body requires a small amount of sodium to conduct nerve impulses, contract and relax muscles, and maintain the proper balance of water and minerals. On the other hand, the average permissible limits are about 4,000 to 6,000 milligrams of sodium per day! Low sodium levels in the body can lead to muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting and dizziness. Eventually, lack of salt can lead to shock, coma and death. Those with the most dire need for salt will typically have lower blood pressure. An ideal blood pressure would be close to 115/75. Someone with a lower blood pressure may need salt and will likely be light-headed when they go from kneeling to standing. Urine pH can also indicate a need for salt. The common value for urine pH is 6.0–7.5 for most people, but any value within the 4.5–8.0 range is generally not a cause for concern [2]. However, most people are consuming six to eight times more salt than they need. No wonder so many people today are afflicted with conditions associated with excessive salt intake like high blood pressure, fluid retention, muscle cramps, and even kidney problems and heart disease.
Himalayan salt is believed by many to be a healthier alternative to common table salt, or sodium chloride. Though mined like rock salt, Himalayan pink salt is technically a sea salt. Salt is an essential nutrient required for many biological processes that has seasoned our dinners for thousands of years. On the other hand, black salt has antioxidant properties and has surprisingly low sodium levels. It also contains important minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium, which are essential to healthy bodies. Black salt stimulates bile production in the liver, and helps control heartburn and bloating. Avoiding processed foods and preparing your own meals from fresh whole ingredients is the best way to make sure you are not getting too much salt in your diet.
Keywords:Important diet constituent, Sodium, Cardiac health, Brain functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 22(2): 7224-7244 (2022)
TWO WHITE ENEMIES: SALT AND SUGAR:
II. CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR: PROS AND CONS
Gupta, P.D. and Pushkala, K.
Former Director Grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
E. mail: pdg2000@hotmail.com, Cell: 91 80-728 91356
Abstract: It is very difficult to answer the question, what is sugar? The possible answers may be surprising. It is easy to become confused by the various sugars and sweeteners described in the literature. All sweet things are not sugars and all sugars are not sweet. So it is important to know about and from where did “Sugar” originated. The results suggest that the sugar formed in the solar system and made their way to earth via meteorites. Researchers from Tohoku University and NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre have found ribose sugar differing from terrestrial biological sugars indicating their extra terrestrial origin. It is not clear which and how much sugars are formed on the prebiotic Earth. With the current research evidencing the delivery of bio-essential sugars, it is plausible that extraterrestrial sugar contributed to the formation of primodial RNA on the prebiotic Earth. This in turn has the possibility of being a factor in the origin of life, since the Ribose sugar is the back bone of RNA. Every living thing on the earth uses glucose for energy. Every cell in our body needs energy to function. Sucrose is no longer the sugar of choice but it’s now fructose. If our diet was like that of people a century ago, we could have consumed about 15 grams per day—a far cry from the 73 grams per day the typical person gets from sweetened drinks. Amazingly, 25 percent of people actually consume more than 130 grams of fructose per day.
Dextrose, fructose and glucose are all monosaccharides, known as simple sugars. The primary difference between them is how our body metabolizes them. Glucose and dextrose are essentially the same sugar that is why food manufacturers usually use the term “dextrose” in their ingredient list. The simple sugars can combine to form more complex sugars, like the disaccharide sucrose (table sugar), which is half glucose and half fructose. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is 55 percent fructose and 45 percent glucose. Honey is about 53 percent fructose, but is completely natural in its raw form and has many health benefits when used in moderation, including as many antioxidants as spinach. Agave syrup, falsely advertised as “natural,” is typically HIGHLY processed and is usually 80 percent fructose. The end product does not even remotely resemble the original agave plant. Stevia is a highly sweet herb derived from the leaf of the South American Stevia plant, which is completely safe (in its natural form). Lo han (or luohanguo) is another natural sweetener, but derived from a fruit. In vegetables and fruits, it’s mixed in with vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and beneficial phytonutrients, all which moderate the negative metabolic effects. Making matters worse, all of the fibre has been removed from processed foods, so there is essentially no nutritive value at all. And the very products most people rely on to lose weight the low-fat diet foods are often the ones highest in fructose. It is not that fructose itself is bad but the massive doses we’re exposed to that make it dangerous.
Keywords: Artificial sweeteners
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 22(2): 7245-7253 (2022)
DECIPHERING THE GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSI-CUM L.)
Kadam, S. R., Satish, D., Fakrudin, B., Naika, M. B. N., Ugalat, J., Vasudeva, K. R. and Basavaraja, N.
K. R. C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi (UHS, Bagalkot campus), Gokak – 591307, Karnataka,
India. E. mail : bfakrudin@gmail.com, Cell: 94803 69274
Abstract: Advances in basic biology on fruit development and ripening serve as important information to improve fruit and produce quality in tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Deciphering the diversity of germplasm collection through characterization for fruit quality traits is therefore a key component of germplasm management and their effective exploitation in crop breeding. In the present study, a diverse collection of 260 tomato germplasm was analyzed during kharif and rabi season for fruit quality traits viz; fruit firmness, shelf life, total soluble solids, lycopene content, ascorbic acid and locule numbers. Analysis of coefficient of variation unraveled more of phenotypic coefficient of variation than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the studied traits. Variability for major traits at P<0.001 indicated that traits could be exploited for improvement through conventional and molecular aided breeding strategy. Correlation study gave insights into link among quality traits thereby it may assist the improvement of independent or combined traits through a breeding programme.
Keywords : Tomato, Germplasm, Fruit quality traits
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 22(2): 7255-7261 (2022)
INFERTILITY TREATMENT IN MALE RATS BY METHANOL EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS
Chitra Kalyanaraman
Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.
E. mail: ram.chitu@gmail.com, Cell: 1(717)8059401
Abstract: Methanolic seed extract of Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) is identified as an herbal medicine for improving fertility-related problems. Hence the present study deals to identify the potential effect of M. pruriens on testicular enzymes and sperm parameters in male rats exposedto 1, 2-dibromo 3 chloropropane (dbcp). Male sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups.Group 1: control received 0.9% saline, group 2: single dose of 50mg/kg 1, 2-dibromo 3chloropropane (dbcp) for 30 days, Group 3: 50mg/kg of 1, 2-dibromo 3 chloroprop-ane (dbcp) for30 days after that 200mg/kg/day M. pruriens for 45 days. Group 4: 200mg/kg/day bwof M. pruriens for 45 days. Study shows sperrm concentration, motility, morphology, and vitality ingroups 3 and 4 treated with M. pruriens significantly increased. In group 2 dbcp-treated rats, itwas found that testicular marker enzymes as acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ß-D glucuronidase, and y-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-gt) are enhanced while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is decreased. It is concluded that M. pruriens is a potent natural plantmaterial for treating male infertility. Based on the findings, the methanol extract of M. pruriens significantly improves sperm parameters and testicular marker enzymes in dbcp treated rats.
Keywords: 1, 2-dibromo 3 chloropropane , Sperm motility
