1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 519-522 (2006)

ASSOCIATION OF CATALASE ELECTROMORPHS WITH PEPTIC ULCERS AND ULCERATED CANCERS

SULEKHA, S., PRANATHI RAO, P., MAITHILI, D. V. N. AND NALLARI, P.

Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007 India.
E-mail: pranathi_22@yahoo.co.uk

 Abstract: Catalases are antioxidative defensive enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). The study focuses on the association of electromorphs of catalase (hydrogen peroxidase) with peptic ulcers and ulcerated cancers, which result due to an imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. Endoscopically confirmed 210 duodenal ulcer, 50 gastric ulcer and 50 gastric cancer cases were considered along with 110 healthy individuals for comparative study. Phenotyping of catalase was carried out by subjecting the haemolysate to PAGE, using appropriate staining protocols. Statistical analysis of hydrogen peroxidase phenotypes revealed an increased frequency of heterozygotes (HPI&II) in both peptic ulcer and gastric cancer patients. Among these individuals,  association of blood group ‘O’ with peptic ulcer and blood group ‘B’ with gastric cancer along with 100%  Helicobacter pylori infection status reveals a selective disadvantage of these heterozygotes with specific blood groups leading to increased susceptibility. The increased preponderance of heterozygotes can be explained on the basis of reduction of catalase activity which may lead to altered membrane potentials of the gastric mucosa resulting in tissue injury. Hence, the role of catalase as an antioxidant in maintaining the tissue homeostasis of the gastric mucosa can be expected.

2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 523-527 (2006)

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN E IN N-DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION IN LIVER

PATEL V. H. AND SAIL S. S.

P.G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 India.
E-mail: patelvh2004@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The effect of an acute N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) toxicity on hepatic lipid peroxidation was investigated in adult male rats fed with different amount of dietary vitamin E. The albino rats were fed with low, normal and high amount of vitamin E in diet for 28 days and thereafter, injected NDMA (30% of LD50). After 48 h of intoxication the liver was analyzed for vitamins (A,C,E), protein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and malondialdehyde. Study showed significant fluctuations in all the parameters including increase in malondialdehyde in NDMA post treated animals consuming low vitamin E in diet, as compared to respective control, indicating that NDMA toxicity disturb antioxidant – prooxidant balance and increase lipid peroxidation. However, the effect of NDMA was reduced in high vitamin E fed animals as evident by insignificant variations of all parameter studied in the present investigation.

3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 529-532 (2006)

EFFECT OF VITAMIN A ON BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY N-DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE INTOXICATION

PATEL V.H., PATEL, B.G. AND SAIL S. S.

P.G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120. E. mail: patelvh2004@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The effect of varying levels of vitamin A on some biochemical and hematological changes induced by N-dimethylnitrosamine intoxication were investigated. The albino rats were fed with low, normal and high amount of vitamin A in diet for 28 days and thereafter, injected a dose of N-dimethylnitrosamine (30% of LD50). After 48 h of intoxication, the blood was collected and analyzed for haemoglobin, protein, various enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase),  bilirubin, vitamins A, C and E, glutathione, uric acid and ceruloplasmin. Study shows different degree of fluctuations of these biomolecules in N-dimethylnitrosamine intoxicated animals, reared on low, normal and high vitamin A diet. The maximum fluctuations of plasma markers for liver toxicity were observed in low and high vitamin A fed rats whereas the minimum fluctuations of plasma antioxidants were in high vitamin A fed rat. These results indicated that both low and very high level of vitamin A increase liver toxicity but high level of vitamin A protects the plasma antioxidants against N-dimethylnitrosamine intoxication.

4. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 533-536 (2006)

ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFICACY OF CAPPARIS DECIDUA FLOWER EXTRACT IN CHOLESTEROL FED RABBITS

PUROHIT, A. AND VYAS, K. B.

Department of Zoology, JNV University, Jodhpur - 342005, India E-mail:- purohit1411@yahoo.com,

Abstract: Oral administration of Capparis decidua flower extract reduced serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level by 58% and 67% respectively. The plant extract also reduces serum triglycerides and phospholipids level by 52% and 22% respectively. The HDL/total cholesterol ratio was reduced significantly in cholesterol fed rabbits which became normal in plant extract treated groups. The atherogenic index also revealed same effects. Plant extract also reduced tissue lipids content of liver and heart muscles. The plant extract feeding brings about a definite regression of atheroma and hindered plaque formation in aorta and caused 87% reduction in plaque size. These results indicated the antiatherosclerotic and hypolipidaemic nature of plant product. In conclusion C. decidua flower possesses active antiatherosclerotic constituents.

 5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 537-540 (2006)

ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY OF BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS BARK EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

PUROHIT, A. AND SHARMA, A.

Department of Zoology, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India. E-mail: purohit1411@yahoomail.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate into the glucose lowering potential of Bougainvillea spectabilis bark extract in diabetic animals. The streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats were given 50% ethanolic extracted bark extract. In diabetic animals, a significant increase in the blood glucose and lipid (P £ 0.001) levels and a significantly declined (P £ 0.001) in liver glycogen levels was observed. The administration of 50% ethanolic bark extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis to diabetic animals for 30 days, reverted the effect of   streptozotocin, and   caused significant decreased blood glucose (81.42% deviation when compared with blood glucose levels) and lipid levels. Along with this, the liver glycogen level was also increased significantly (P £ 0.001) indicating the sugar-lowering capacity of the extract.

6.  Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 541-544 (2006)

DIRECT ORGANOGENESIS AND QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF VIGNA CALCARATUS ROXB.:  AN IN VITRO STUDY

VAIDYA, G., K. AND BRAGANZA, V. J.

Loyola Centre for Research and Development, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier’s College,
Ahmedabad- 380 009, India. E-mail: gayatrivaidya@yahoo.com

Abstract:  Vigna calcaratus Roxb., believed to be a plant of high medicinal value, is extensively used to cure various health ailments. An effort to conserve the plant by establishing a micropropagation protocol has been made to ensure its continuous supply as the plant is confined to the inner areas of the forest region and shows reluctance if grown ex situ. Multiple axillary shoot formation has been achieved in the laboratory and further efforts for in vitro and ex vitro rooting are underway. Phytochemical analytical experiments were undertaken to isolate an active principle corresponding to medicinal traits of the plant. Qualitative analytical tests showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, iridoids, proanthocyanidines, saponins and tannins to various degrees.

MICROPROPAGATION OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA USING MULTIPLE SHOOT CULTURE

TADHANI, M. B., JADEJA, R. P. AND REMA, S.

Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, India Email: manish_fbt@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Stevia rabaudiana Bertoni leaves contain glycosides with sweetening properties that make it an important natural non caloric supplement in the human diet. Stevia is cultivated in a number of countries, but plant propagation techniques still need to be better evaluated since they can affect the quality and quantity of plants for use in large scale production. In the present study, micropropagation method for Stevia rebaudiana plants was established by culturing nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog ( MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino purine (BA) and Kinetin (Kn) at different concentrations. Initiation of shoot induction was observed within 4-5 days. The maximum number of shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mgl-1 BA. Optimum concentration of Kn was 4 mgl-1 for maximum shoot production. The obtained shoot cultures were transferred for rooting on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Initiation of rooting was observed within 6-7 days. Maximum number of roots was  observed on the medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1 IBA. The regeneration of plantlets was successfully hardened in soil: sand ( 1:1).

Biochemical and Physiological alterations in pisum sativum L. following aluminium toxicity and its amelioration by Silicon

KHOBRAGADE, C. N. AND SAKHARE U. B.

 School of Life Sciences, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded-431 606, India, Email: cnkhobragade@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Seeds of Pisum sativum L. varieties Ludhiyana P-3 and green pearl were allowed to germinate in low salt solutions growth medium (LSS) in presence of aluminium (50, 75 and 100 M concentration), silicon (1000 M) and combination of aluminium and silicon (Al + Si) to study the toxic effect of Al and ameliorative effect of silicon. Low concentration of Al (50, 75M)) and Si (1000 M) increased the germination percentage, root and shoot length, proteins, total chlorophyll, chlorophyl a, and b, while decrease in amount of total sugar, phenol and proline levels.  Lower mitotic index percentage and increase in abnormal cells were revealed in Al treated seedlings.  Combination of Al and Si showed rise in level of all parameters except total sugar, phenol and proline,  indicating ameliorative effect of added silicon. Ludhiyana P-3 was observed as more tolerant variety than the green pearl.

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS TO FREQUENTLY ISOLATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN IRAN

EBRAHIMZADEH, M. A., MAHDAVI, M. R. AND SALIMEE, E.

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sari School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48175-861, Sari, Iran. E-mail: zadeh20@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bacterial resistance to various antimicrobial agents is common in areas with high usage of antibiotics, which is further aggravated in countries where over-the-counter availability of drugs promotes usage. In Iran, information about bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is very limited, if any. This study focuses on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of five most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens in Iran. Data on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have been collected during 2004 at the five microbiology laboratories in Sari / Iran. A total of 1502 aerobic cultures were reviewed. The antibiogram disc agar diffusion technique was used to evaluate the sensitivity of microbial agents to antibiotics. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated were E. coli (53.46 %), Staphylococcus sp. (aureus and coagulase-negative) (20.04 %), Enterobacter sp. (18.58 %), Klebsiella (5.26 %), and P. aeruginosa (2.66 %). The antibiogram pattern of various organisms showed a high degree of resistance to Ampicillin, Nalidix acid and co-trimoxazole. While Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic with least resistance amongst most of the pathogens isolated. Levels of resistance to majority of antibiotics were higher than other countries .

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LIVER AND MUSCLE OF  FEMALE MICE DURING HYPOTHYROIDISM

MESARIYA, A. R., SUTHAR, M. B. AND VERMA, R. J.

Department of Biology, K. K. Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Rambaug, Maninagar, Ahmedabad – 380 008. E. Mail: zooldeptgu@satyam.net.in

Abstract: Primary hypothyroidism is a worldwide prevalent disease and can be endemic in iodine-deficient regions. The purpose of this study was to investigate biochemical changes in the liver and muscle during hypothyroidism. The adult female mice were made hypothyroidic by administering thiourea (dose of 0.2 mg or 0.4 mg/0.2ml saline/animal/day) intraperitoneally for 15 days and thereafter, alteration of protein, glycogen and cholesterol contents as well as the activity of phosphorylase in the liver and muscle were examined. The body weight was also secreened throughout the experimentation and found to be unaltered in all the groups. The protein content and phosphorylase activity was significantly decreased, while cholesterol and glycogen contents were increased significantly in thiourea-treated groups. The effect was dose-dependent.

EFFECT OF NIMBICIDINE ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE TESTIS OF SPHAERODEMA MOLESTUM (DUF.) (HEMIPTERA: BELASTOMATIDAE)

SANKAR, M., SELVISABHANAYAKAM, T. AND PRASAD J. S.

Department of Entomology, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India, 500 030. E. Mail: shankar_ms10@yahoo.com

Abstract: Toxic effect of a biopesticide (nimbicidine) was evaluated on the testis of aquatic predator insect, Sphaerodema molestum under laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out at 96 hours sublethal concentration (0.0013 ml/l) of nimbicidine. The toxicity range and mortality of the insect for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure were found to be 0.0035, 0.00257, 0.0021, 0.0015 and 0.0013 ml/l respectively. The nimbicidine creates acute histopathological changes in the testis that reduce its reproductive capability demonstrating an important biological control.  The benefit of using neem oil, nimbicidine in the management of this aquatic predator insect, in fresh water aquaculture is a safe natural and eco-friendly pest control tool.

Pharmacological characterization of Adenosine A1 AND A2receptors in goat coronary artery

Telang, R.S.  patial, S.,  and Varshneya, C.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur - 176 062, India.  Email: rstelang@hotmail.com

Abstract: Adenosine, a purinergic neurotransmitter, has an essential role in vasodilation, particularly in vital organs like heart and brain. Any modulation in adenosine receptor function in these organs can have unfavourable outcome. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacological characteristics of adenosine A1 and A2 receptors and establish it as an experimental isolated tissue preparation. It was found that the isolated goat coronary strips were quiescent and did not show any spontaneous movements when mounted at 1 g basal tension in the modified KHS at 37°C. There was a predominance of A1 receptors over A2 receptors in goat coronary artery, as revealed by the rank order potency of adenosine analogues. The latter revealed that PEA (Phenyl ethyl adenosine) was the most potent while adenosine was the least effective in relaxing the goat coronary artery. From the contraction-relaxation studies, it is suggested that adenosine affects the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores in a more negative way than the influx of Ca2+ from extracellular source. Adenoceptor antagonist CGS~15943A was equipotent in inhibiting the relaxant reponses of A1 and A2 receptors.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE FROM THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS STRAIN LBN 12 ISOLATED FROM HOTSPRING OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

BORA, L., GOGOI, H. K. AND KALITA, M.C.

Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No2, Tezpur, 784001, E. mail: limponbioera@rediffmail.com

 Abstract: Production and properties (Characterization) of extracellular lipase was studied from thermophilic Bacillus strain (LBN 12) isolated from hotspring of Arunachal Pradesh (North east India).  The strain was able to grow at temperature ranging from 30O-50OC. Maximum production of the enzyme occurred at pH 7.5, at 40OC after 48 Hrs of incubation. Olive oil (1%) was found to be most effective carbon source. It was a thermostable enzyme and was most active at pH 7.2 and temperature 450C. The optimum incubation time for enzyme activity was found to be 20 minutes.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME INDIAN FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANTS

PAREKH, J. AND CHANDA, S.

Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India. E-mail: sumitrachanda@yahoo.com

Abstract: The antimicrobial activities of 25 Indian medicinal plant species belonging to 20 different families were determined against six medically important microorganisms viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus subfava, Alcaligenes fecalis, Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Candida tropicalis. The antimicrobial assay was done by both the agar disc and agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity shown by methanol extract was better than the aqueous extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria.

15. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 581-584 (2006)

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS GAERTN. LEAF EXTRACT

NAIR, R. AND  CHANDA, S.

Phytochemical Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory,  Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University,  Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India.  E-mail:sumitrachanda@yahoo.com

 Abstract: Aqueous and ethanol extract of the leaves of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram positive (S. aureus ATCC25923, B. cereus ATCC11778, S. epidermidis ATCC12228 and B. subtilis ATCC6633) and Gram negative (Proteus mirabilis NCIM2241, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564, Alcaligenes fecalis ATCC8750, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes ATCC17440, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313, Citrobacter freundii ATCC10787 and Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM2719) bacteria. It showed different degree of activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The results obtained were compared with standard antibiotic Gentamicin (10µg). The ethanol extract was considerably more effective than aqueous extract in inhibiting the bacterial strains.

EFFECT OF TRIGONELLINE: AN ACTIVE COMPOUND FROM TRIGONELLA FOENUMGRAECUM Linn. IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES IN MICE

SHAH, S.N., BODHANKAR, S.L., BADOLE, S.L., KAMBLE, H.V. AND MOHAN, V.

Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, E-mail:sbodh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Trigonelline was extracted from the seeds of Trigonella foenumgraecum and the hypoglycemic activity was studied in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Trigonelline significantly reduced the blood glucose in treated groups as compared to control diabetic animals. Trigonelline treated group showed islet cells in the vicinity of the pancreatic duct which indicates its beneficial effects on beta cells. Glyburide was used as a standard antidiabetic drug and its effect on pancreatic cell was also studied. The pancreatic beta cells of glyburide treated mice did not show any islets in the vicinity of pancreatic duct. Both trigonelline and glyburide arrested the decrease in body weight and mortality of diabetic mice. LD50 of trigonelline was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA AGAINST THIOACETAMIDE INDUCED TOXICITY

ASGARY, S., MADANI, H., NADERI, Gh , SIADAT, A. H., TOURI, S. H. TALEBOLHOSSEINI, M2 AND JAFARI, M.

Department of  Pharmacognosy,  Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: S_asgary@crc.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: One of the major functions of the liver, in addition to metabolism of different substances, is detoxification of xenobiotics, environmental pollutants and chemotherapeutic drugs. In most of the cases, toxic active metabolites are produced during active metabolic detoxification by P450 cytochromes and hepatic microsomes. In this study the antioxidant activities of silybum marianum and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts against thioacetamide induced hepatic injury was evaluated. Extracts were administered to wistar rats for 3 consecutive days at dose of 25 mg/kg together with thioacetamide at dose of 50mg/kg. Activities of serum aminotranferases (SGOT and SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, potassium and sodium values were measured. Activities of serum aminotranferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were decreased significantly in rats treated with herbal extracts as compared with thioacetamide alone treated group. The results confirm hepatoprotective effect of these extracts against thioacetamide that are due to antioxidant effect of their polyphenolic compounds.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE ON THE LIPID PEROXIDATION, VALUES OF HbA1C, QUANTITATIVE CRP AND CONJUGATED DIENES (CDs)

ASGARY, S., NADERI, Gh., SIADAT, A.H. AND JAFARI, M.

Department of Pharmacognosy,  Isfahan Cardiovascular Research center, a WHO Collaborating Center for research and training In cardiovascular diseases control, prevention for cardiac patients in EMRO, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P. O Box: 81465-1148, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: S_asgary@hotmail.com

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of cigarette on the lipid peroxidation, values of HbA1C, quantitative CRP and conjugated dienes (CDs). Fifty healthy males’ smokers and 50 non-smokers participated in this study. The smokers had history of at least 6 pack/year cigarette (about 10-20 cigarette/day) use. Measurement of fasting plasma glucose, quantitative CRP, HbA1C, MDA, conjugated dienes, cholesterol and triglyceride were done for all patients. Study showed the values of the HbA1C, MDA and CRP were significantly higher in the smokers than non-smokers. There was a positive relation between duration of smoking or the number of cigarette smoked per day and HbA1C. There was also a correlation between fasting blood sugar and the number of cigarette smoked/day and this correlation was significant. Our results confirm the effects of smoking on lipid oxidation, hemoglobulin glycation and CRP as possible contributor of atherosclerosis, although further studies are recommended to verify the exact mechanisms

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF TWO DIFFERENT HORMONAL THERAPY REGIMEN ON ACTIVITY OF COAGULATION FACTORS VII, VIII, IX AND SERUM LIPIDS IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

ASGARY, S., POORSHAMS, A., NADERI, Gh., SIADAT, A.H., ASKARI, N. AND JAFARI, M.

Department of  Basic Science, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, a WHO Collaborating Center  for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases control, Prevention for Cardiac Patients in EMRO, Isfahan University of  Medical Sciences, P. O Box: 81465-1148,  Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: s_asgari@crc.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: During extrinsic coagulation pathway, a complex is developed between factor VII, calcium and tissue factor (a cell membrane lipoprotein that is exposed after cell injury). Factor VII needs calcium and vitamin K for its biologic activation. Coronary artery disease can be induced by increased level and activity of the coagulation factors VII, VIII and IX. In postmenopausal women, estrogen decline blood lipids and thereby decreases risk of coronary artery disease. However, the exact effects of the estrogen on the other predisposing factors of the coronary artery diseases are unknown. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of oral hormone therapy regimen on fibrinogen and other coagulation factors. Sixty  menopause women with history of hysterectomy were randomly allocated in 2 groups. One group was treated with conjugated estrogen 0.625mg/day and the other group was treated with conjugated estrogen 0.625mg/day with medroxy progesterone 2.5mg/day. Serum fibrinogen level and activity of coagulation factors VII, VIII and IX and blood lipids level were checked before and 3 months after treatment.  In the estrogen alone treated group, mean of factor VII activity showed significant increase 3 months after treatment as compared to before hormone therapy (p<0.05).  There were no significant changes in means of coagulation factors VIII, IX activities and serum fibrinogen level in estrogen or estrogen/medroxy progesterone treated patients before and after treatment (p>0.05). In both groups, hormone therapy significantly decreased serum cholesterol level and LDL-C and increased HDL-C (p>0.00) but the serum triglyceride level was increased in the estrogen only treated group. Significant increase of coagulation factors VII with significant increase of serum triglyceride in estrogen treated patients is logical. This study confirms that hormone therapy with this protocol does not change serum fibrinogen mean and activity of coagulation factor VIII and IX. This finding may be real or may be related to inadequacy of samples regarding the wide normal range of coagulation factors and serum fibrinogen. Studies with more prolonged follow up or more samples are suggested.

A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR ISOLATION OF FUNCTIONAL Β-ISLETS FROM CHICK PANCREAS.

 DATAR, S. P. AND BHONDE, R. R.

National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune: 411 007, India. E. Mail rrbhonde@nccs.res.in

Abstract:   We report a simple and easy technique for isolation of islets from pancreas of 5-6 days old chicks. The technique involves sequential collagenase digestion of minced pancreas resulting into isolation of large number of B-islets. The isolated islets can be freed from acinar cells by low speed centrifugation. Islets thus isolated were found to be viable by trypan blue dye exclusion test. Their identity as islets was confirmed by dithiazone staining. The isolated islets also responded to glucose and arginine stimulation indicating their functionality. The ability of chick islets to cross react with human insulin antibody suggests their closer phylogeny with human islets. The technique offers an alternative in vitro model for screening hypoglycemic drugs.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ENTADA PHASEOLOIDES SEEDS

GUPTA, R., RATHI, B.S., THAKURDESAI, P.A. AND BODHANKAR S.L.

Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, India. sbodh@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the present investigation the effect of methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides seeds in animal models of inflammation was investigated. The LD50 was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg in acute oral toxicity testing. Pretreatment with extract (400 mg/kg) reduced carrageenan induced rat paw edema at 3rd hour compared to control group of rats. Dose dependent (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) reduction in inhibition of granuloma formation of cotton pellet granuloma, exudate volume, and total leukocyte count was observed with extract. The extract inhibited acetic acid induced writhing dose (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg) dependently but was inactive in reducing the pain produced by thermal injury. C-reactive proteins were absent in extract treated group. The results indicated that extract possess weaker acute but strong sub-acute anti-inflammatory activity and strong peripheral analgesic activity. The results also suggested that the extract may act on proliferative phase of inflammation.

ASCORBIC ACID AND SULPHYDRYL GROUPS IN AQUEOUS HUMOUR AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF CATARACTOUS LENSES

PANDYA, A.V. AND RAWAL, U.M.

Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, E-mail: ajitpandya@sancharnet.in

Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to report the alteration in the antioxidants like ascorbic acid and sulphydryl groups in the AQH and lens and its probable role in the development of different types of human cataracts. Aqueous humour and lens samples of nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mix type of cataracts were obtained from patients undergoing cataract surgery. Clear lens and AQH obtained from cadaver eyes was used as a control. Estimation of ascorbic acid and various fractions of sulphydryl groups such as total, protein bound and non-protein sulphydryls were done using standard spectroscopic methods.  The study shows that the level of ascorbic acid was significantly decreased in aqueous humour and lenses of all types of cataracts. There was no significant decrease in total sulphydryl groups in aqueous humour and lenses in different cataracts. The protein bound sulphydryl groups were found to be decreased significantly in aqueous humour, whereas there was no significant change in various cataractous lenses. The level of non-protein sulphydryl groups were found to be significantly decreased in both aqueous and cataractous lenses. Mix cataracts had severe alteration in the levels of ascorbic acid and various sulphydryls compare to other types of cataracts. The decreased level of ascorbic acid and glutathione in the aqueous humour and various cataractous lenses exhibits their role in the development of various types of age-related cataracts.  Mix cataracts appear to be affected more than the pure varieties of cataracts.

23. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 6(1) 621-626 (2006)

ENZYMATIC POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBON DEGRADING ISOLATES FROM CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL OF NORTH GUJARAT, INDIA

SHAH, K. R AND  BHATT, S.A.

Department of Biotechnology. P. S. Science and H.D. Patel Arts Collage, Kadi. E mail: skrlipase@yahoo.co.in.

Abstract: Due to increased concern towards  hydrocarbon contamination and their damaging effects on ecosystem, a number of studies have been carried out in  polluted sites with two basic aims: 1). screening of potential hydrocarbon degraders and 2). the search for their biotechnological products like enzyme and biosurfactants.  In the present study  twenty five strains were isolated from soil samples collected from different sites such as oil wells at Mehsana  District and various  petrol pumps at Patan, Himatnagar, Sathamba, Bayad, and Khedbrahma Districts of North Gujarat. The isolates were studied for their potential enzymes like lipase, amylase and protease on the basis of primary plate method measuring the zone of enzyme activity and also for hydrocarbon degradation. The production of enzymes by microorganisms assures unlimited supply of these potential industrial important products. Further, it makes possible the genesis of new enzymatic systems that cannot be obtained from plant or animal sources. Isolates were studied under different physiological conditions and their capacities of extra cellular enzyme secretion were analyzed.

IN VITRO HIGH FREQUENCY OF SHOOT REGENERATION IN ABELMOSCHUS MOSCHATUS MAHESHWARI, P.  AND ANIL KUMAR

School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore – 452017, India. E mail: ak_sbt@yahoo.com

Abstract: A method for rapid in vitro propagation of Abelmoschus moschatus through axillary bud multiplication has been established using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different combinations of N6 benzyl adenine (BA), µ- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Almost all combinations responded but MS medium with 4 mg l-1 BA + 0.1 mg l-1 NAA was the best suited for axillary bud proliferation inducing a mean of 15 shoot /node which on further subculture generated more than 25 shoots/node. IAA also favored shoot induction but to a lesser extent as compared to NAA. Shoot buds emerged directly from the nodal explants 7 days after culture initiation. Shoot elongation was carried out on MS basal medium without plant growth regulators. About 95% of the rooted plants were grown to maturity under green house conditions.

SINGLE EXPOPSURE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT  IN PRE PUBERTAL RATS ALTERS CONSEQUENT SPERMATOGENESIS

Vachhrajani, K. D. and Pandya, A. P.

Toxicology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India. E mail- kauresh123-zoo@msubaroda.ac.in

Abstract: Prepubertal rats (age day 20) were exposed p.o. to single dose of industrial effluent (1 ml per animal)   and observations were made on post treatment days 0, 12,24,36,48 and 60 to study the effect on spermatogenesis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis was carried out on day 60 at seminiferous epithelial (SE) stages   II, VII and XII.  On earlier durations as specific stages could not be identified, the early, mid and late pachytenes were quantified. Industrial effluent exposure initially affected more mature pachytene spermatocytes; therefore, by day 12, only about 10% tubules had round spermatids. By day 24, both the zygotenes and pachytenes were affected and about 30% tubules had lost more than 50% of their pachytenes. Then after partial recovery was seen by days 48 and 60. However, it appeared clearly that the release of first spermatozoa was delayed as compared to controls. The findings suggested that industrial effluent more severely damaged the tubules at SE stages XII-XIV followed by IX-XII, I0VI and VII-VIII, respectively.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A HERB, HERBAL  BASED AND SYNTHETIC  DENTIFRICES AGAINST ORAL MICROFLORA

VYAS, Y. K., BHATNAGAR, M. AND SHARMA, K.

Department of Microbiology, Darshan Dental College & Hospital, Loyara, Udaipur 313 011, E mail: kanikasharma@yahoo.com

Abstract: Antimicrobial spectrum of a herb (Spilanthes calva DC), herb based dentifrice (Arodent™) and synthetic dentifrice (Colgate®) was evaluated against common bacterial and fungal oral microflora viz., Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans. Microbial flora were isolated from oral cavity on selective media and identified by standard methods. Methanolic extract of Spilanthes calva DC roots was prepared by reflux method in a Soxhlet apparatus. Antimicrobial activity at 100 mg/ml was assayed by Kirby-Bauer Cup-well agar diffusion method. Colgate® was found to be strongly antimicrobial against all microfloras and 40.37%, 43.71% and 41.48% inhibition of S. mutans, L. acidophilus and C. albicans respectively was observed with Colgate®. Methanolic extract of S. calva roots produced 24.45%, 33.33% and 33.71% inhibition of S. mutans, L. acidophilus and C. albican , while, Arodent™ showed  26.66%, 40% and 28.51% inhibition of S. mutans, L. acidophilus and C. albicans in that order.

HIGH FAT DIET FEEDING INFLUENCE ENZYMES OF OXALATE BIOSYNTHESIS IN RATS

SHARMA, V.  AND  SCHWILLE,  P.O.

Division of Experimental Surgery and Endocrine Research Laboratory, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. E-mail: vimbio@yahoo.com

Received: October 29, 2005; Revised: December 18, 2005; Accepted December 27, 2005

Abstract: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Approx. 300 g body weight) were fed normal chow containing 20 % by weight Fish Oil (FO) or Sunflower oil (SO) or Olive oil (OO) for a period of six days to determine the effects of high fat diets (rich in n-3, n-6, n-9 fatty acids respectively) on the enzymes of oxalate biosynthesis. The 24 h urinary excretion of oxalate gradually increased in FO fed animals and the values on day 6 were 60% higher than basal excretion value. Feeding of other oils had no effect on urinary excretion of oxalate. On the seventh day the animals were killed and supernatants of liver homogenates (10% wt/vol) were assayed for 1). activities of enzymes of oxalate biosynthesis viz;  glycolate oxidase (GAO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 2). the rates of in vitro conversion of glycolate and glyoxylate to oxalate. The study showed that feeding of FO increased liver GAO levels. SO feeding decreased the same, while OO feeding had no effect. The activity of liver LDH was significantly increased by feeding all three high fat diets and the order was control < SO = OO < FO. The increased LDH activity following high fat diet feeding resulted in higher rate of conversion of glyoxylate to oxalate as compared to controls, which indicates that intake of high fat diet is a risk of urinary stone formation.

EFFECT OF D GALACTOSE ON LIPOFUSCINOGENESIS IN THE BRAIN OF FEMALE ALBINO MICE

DESHMUKH, A. A, GAJARE, K.A. AND PILLAI, M. M.

Cell Biology Unit, Department of Zoology,  Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004 India. E- mail: ashish_cellbio@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Lipofuscin granules accumulate in post mitotic cells during ageing and affect the normal cell functions. The accumulation of lipofuscin granules is directly correlated with oxidative stress. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of D galactose on lipofuscinogenesis in various regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpora quadrigemina and cerebellum) of brain. The female albino mice were divided into two groups: 1) sham injected control group and 2) experimental group which were treated with subcutaneous injections of 5% D galactose (0.5 ml per day) for fifteen days. Histochemical study of lipofuscin granules and biochemical estimation of fluorescence were carried out, which showed increased accumulation of lipofuscin granules and highly significant increase in fluorescence in various regions of brain, which indicates the Lipofuscinogenic effect D galactose in the nerve cells.

ISOLATION OF ZINC RESISTANT BACTERIAL ISOLATE, IT’S ACCUMULATION AND INTERACTION WITH CELLULAR PROTEINS

KALIA, K., PATEL, J. S., JOSHI, D. N. AND SRIVASTAVA, D.

Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat, India. E. mail: kirankalia_in@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bacteria are not only the oldest life form, but they also inhabit the greatest diversity of habitats and have the greatest capacity of bioaccumulation of metals. Zinc plays an important role as an essential trace element in development, growth and differentiation of all living systems from bacteria to humans but excess of it exerts toxic effects on the cell. Mechanism of resistance of essential metal ions like zinc is particularly of interest. The zinc resistant bacterial isolates were isolated from paint industrial effluent, G.I.D.C estate, Gujarat, India and screened for the maximum tolerance to the metal. The maximum zinc (13mM) resistant bacterial isolate (ZnRBI) has shown utmost accumulation (165mg/g dry weight of bacterial cells) at 7 mM concentration of zinc in the media. The TEM studies of the ZnRBI grown in the presence of zinc have shown the electron dense areas in the periphery and cytoplasm of the cells, indicating the accumulation of the metal. These results were confirmed by EDAX, which showed peripheral and cytoplasmic accumulation of zinc by ZnRBI. The protein profile of the ZnRBI cellular extract by SDS-PAGE have shown six metal stress induced proteins of molecular weight 53.5KD, 52.5 KD, 50 KD, 48.5 KD, 45.3 KD and 13.2 KD which were not found in the control cells grown in zinc free media and the repression of one protein of molecular weight 3.2KD, indicating their role in metal resistance, accumulation and /or transport of zinc which needs further characterization.

STRUCTURAL INTERFERENCES FROM MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF LEGHEMOGLOBIN GENE FROM GLYCINE MAX

CHIKHALE, N. J. AND GOMASE, V. S.

Department of Biotechnology, Amravati University, Amravati, 444602, India. E mail:  njchikhale@rediffmail.com,

Abstract: Soyabean (Glycine max), is a major source of protein and vegetable edible oil. It is high protein feed supplement for live stock of world. Glycine has a leghemoglobin gene. Biochemically, protein plays a variety of roles in life process. Proteins can catalyse chemical reactions (The enzymes), transport and storage protein (leghemoglobin), and can also be regulatory proteins. A pairwise sequence alignment and databases search shows similarities with Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (84 %), kidney bean (80%), cowpea (77%), Pisum sativum (65%), Arabidopsis thaliana (53%) of leghemoglobin gene. This suggest that similarity of different species sequences confirm their relationship. Multiple sequence alignment carries structural interferences from the various species in plants. Here we get highly conserved regions probably corresponding to the active site and give clues to the function. The conserved patterns facilitate identification of other homologous sequences of leghemoglobin gene. Multiple sequence alignment of leghemoglobin gene contains suitable patterns that characterize the families of proteins. Most structure prediction methods for leghemoglobin show conserved pattern of hydrophobicity with the intervening residues  and hydrophilic residues suggesting -strands on the surface.

IN SILICO PREDICTION OF ANTIGENIC EPITOPE IN ABA-1 ALLERGEN FROM ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

CHIKHALE, N.J., GOMASE, V.S. AND VANKHEDE, G.N.

Department of Biotechnology, 2Govt College of Pharmacy, 3Depatment of  Zoology, Amravati University, Amravati 444602, India. E mail- njchikhale@rediffmail.com. virusgene1@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Ascaris lumbricoides shows acute phase or inflammatory processes. Limitation of therapy to the treatment of patients suffering from various adverse reactions and contraindications are always experienced. One of the major treatments is gene therapy or recombinant DNA vaccines involved targeting multiple antigenic components to direct and empower the immune system to protect the host from infection. Antigenic epitopes on ABA-1 allergen  (Ascaris lumbricoides) protein are important determinants of protection against inflammation. As our knowledge of the immune responses to a protein antigen progressed, it became clear that the whole protein is not necessary for raising the immune response, but small segments  (KEKVHEYGPACKK, 108-120) of protein called the antigenic determinants or the epitopes are sufficient for eliciting the desired immune response. Immunization cassettes should be capable of immunizing broad immunity against both humoral and cellular epitopes thus giving vaccines the maximum ability to deal with nematodes immune escape. We have predicted a successful immunization strategy against Ascaris infection.

ROLE OF SEROTONIN SYSTEM GENES IN AUTISM

GUHATHAKURTA, S., SEN, B. AND  USHA, R.

Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre,  482 Madudah, Plot:I-24, Sector–J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata 700107, India. Email: ushamvk@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Autism is one of the most prevalent childhood developmental disorders causing lifelong disability. It is characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal as well as nonverbal communication skills with varied stereotypic behaviors. The interplay of genetics and environment in the pathogenesis of the disorder is indisputably supported by various family and twin studies. Biochemical, pharmacological and molecular biological studies have narrowed down the genes that could be involved in autism. Hyperserotoninemic conditions along with impaired serotonin synthesis and attenuation of behavioral symptoms following administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have convincingly established serotoninergic dysfunction in autism. The present paper reviews the importance of serotoninergic system in autism with special reference to the genes that are involved in serotonin neurotransmission along with various genetic association studies that have been carried out over the years.

DOPAMINE RECEPTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE ETIOLOGY OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

BHADURI, N.  AND MUKHOPADHYAY, K.

Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata – 700107, India. Email: kanchanmvk@yahoo.com

Abstract: Dysfunction in the dopaminergic pathways has been reported to be associated with neuro-behavioral disorders, like schizophrenia, addiction, conduct disorder, mood disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dopamine (DA) acts via four major pathways to produce its post-synaptic effects and it interacts with a group of five receptors, each of which has specific regional localization and precise function. Large numbers of polymorphisms have been identified in these receptors and both population-based and familial association studies revealed preferential transmission of "risk alleles" from parent to the offspring, suffering from ADHD. Pharmacogenomic investigations have shown that genetic data of individuals suffering from malfunctioning of DA system could be helpful for prescription of targeted medication. We have reviewed the characteristics of different dopamine receptors, importance of alterations in their genes and the possible role in the etiology of ADHD and finally the utility of such studies in the pharmacogenomics of the disorder.

CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS OF CANCER EFFUSION: AN ADDED TOOL TO CYTODIAGNOSIS

VANIAWALA, S.  AND GADHIA, P. K.

Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat- 395007, India. E-mail:pankaj_gadhia@hotmail.com

Abstract: We have studied 25 effusions (13 Ascetic and 12 Pleural) for chromosomal abnormalities and cytodiagnosis to confirm malignancy. These effusions were characterized by a wide range of numerical aberrations from hypodiploidy to hyperdiploidy, where chromosome numbers ranged more than 100.  Further, these effusions showed marker chromosomes, endoreduplication and pulverization.  The present cytogenetic study from 25 effusions revealed 21 positive and 4 negative malignancies, while cytodiagnosis of these effusions showed 16 positive, 6 negative and 3 suspicious malignancies. We, therefore, suggest that cytogenetic analysis of effusions be added to the routine cytodiagnosis of malignancy to avoid false negative reports.

EFFECT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON SPERM DENSITY AND MOTILITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

KHAN, T.I., GUPTA, R.S., AGRAWAL D., KACHHAWA, J. B. S.

Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur,
Email: tikhan_igc@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fluoride pollution has become a world wide problem. Various studies showed that fluoride causes adverse effects on both the male and female fertility. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find out the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on cauda epididymal sperm motility and density in male albino rats at the concentration of 2, 4 and 6 ppm ad libitum for six months. On the day 180th the rats were autopsied, testes and accessory reproductive organs were removed and weighed. Sperm motility and sperm density in cauda epididymides was also analyzed. The results revealed that fluoride caused significant decrease in weight of testes and epididymides. Cauda epididymal sperm motility was decreased significantly the reduction in cauda epididymal sperm density was also significant where, the reduction was 71.26%, 73.75% and 76.67% in 2, 4 and 6 ppm respectively in comparison to control group. The results of this study showed that NaF adversely affects the sperm motility and density of male rats.

EVALUATION OF ANTIAMNESTIC ACTIVITY OF CLITORIA TERNATEA AGAINST SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN RATS

VYAWAHARE, N S., NIKAM, A.P., KAMBLE, P.N., BODHANKAR, S.L .KHANDELWAL, A.R.

AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune - 411001,  E. mail:neerajsv@rediffmail.com
.

Abstract: In the present investigation, the different doses (300 and 500 mg/kg) of alcoholic extract of roots of Clitoria ternatea was evaluated for its anti-amnesic activity against scopolamine  induced amnesia in rats.  The study revealed that dose of 500 mg/kg was more effective as it prevented the scopolamine induced memory loss in both passive avoidance and step down type of passive avoidance task model. Biochemical study revealed that antiamnestic activity was associated with reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity which reduces the destruction of neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), in the brain.

EVALUATION OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA (SONN.) LEAF EXTRACT FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

NAIR, R. AND CHANDA, S.
Phytochemical Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot
 360 005, Gujarat, India. E-mail: sumitrachanda@yahoo.com

Abstract: Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. leaves were extracted in different solvents (1,4-dioxan, methanol and acetone) and their antifungal activities against few clinically isolated as well as standard fungal strains were investigated. Three pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans (1), Candida sp. (4) and Candida sp. (5) were isolated from immunosuppressed patients suffering from HIV infections. Eight standard pathogenic fungal strains used for the present study included 6 pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans ATCC2091, Candida albicans ATCC18804, Candida apicola NCIM3367, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC34664, Cryptococcus luteolus ATCC32044 and Trichosporan beigelii NCIM3404, while 2 pathogenic moulds Aspergillus candidus NCIM883 and Aspergillus niger ATCC6275 were used. P. longifolia was active against all the tested fungal stains screened except Aspergillus niger ATCC6275.