1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 853-860 (2007)

3-NITROPROPIONIC ACID INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY: AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

 PUNEET, K., PADI, S.S.V., NAIDU, P.S. AND KUMAR, A.

Pharmacology division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University,
chandigarh-160014, India. Email: kumaruips@yahoo.com

Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by movement disorders (usually chorea), psychiatric symptoms, and other behavioral changes.  Investigations into the mechanisms of neuronal death in HD have revolved around excitatory amino acids (EAA). As for example glutamate has been considered as the primary cause of neuronal loss and triggers other pathological factors such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. A number of recent reports suggested that oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of HD. Presently, there is no adequate treatment available that cure HD. For better understanding of the disease, animal models are the best tools to study disease pathogenesis. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a mitochondrial toxin, which causes selective destruction of the basal ganglia. 3-NP inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, key enzyme of respiratory chain, blocks the mitochondrial complex-II in the Krebs’s cycle and causes the depletion in the ATP levels. Based on above informations, present work discusses animal model of 3-NP induced neurotoxicity and associated behavioral and biochemical changes in animals.

2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 861-866 (2007)

DOXORUBICIN MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED DEGENERATION OF TESTICULAR TISSUES CAUSES MALE STERILITY IN RATS

MISHRA, M.D.  AND BHIWGADE, D.A.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Navi Mumbai-400 085, India.
E mail: mdmishra2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Doxorubicin used for the treatment of reproductive cancer and negatively influences the fertility of cancer patient by still hitherto unknown mechanism. In preset study the effect of this drug on cytoarchitectural organization of the cellular components in testicular tissues and its correlation to oxidative stress and other parameters responsible for male fertility has been reported. Tissue exhibiting higher levels of oxidative stress response indicators such as antioxidant enzymes and metabolites showed high degree of degeneration of testicular tissues such as epididymis and testis. Counting of the number of sperms per square area in treated animals and its comparison with non-treated animals showed a significant decrease in the number of sperms, sperm’s head degeneration. The data clearly showed that doxorubicin provoked loss of male fertility in animals occurs due to oxidative stress mediated male reproductive tissues degeneration.

3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 867-870 (2007)

ENDOTHELIN 1:  A VASOCONSTRICTOR IN PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

SUJANA, K., SASTRY, B.K.S. AND NALLARI, P.

Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, 1Care Hospitals, Nampally,
Hyderabad 500 001.  E mail: sujibiotech@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH) is a disease of pulmonary arteries with vascular narrowing leading to right heart failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms associated with PPH include vasoconstriction, remodeling of vascular endothelium and thrombosis. One of the vasoconstrictors, Endothelin 1 (Et-1), is produced by the endothelial cells of pulmonary artery. Et-1 maintains the homeostatic balance of vasoconstriction and vasodilation via Endothelin A (ET-A) and Endothelin B (ET-B) receptors. Relaxation or constriction depends on the Et-1 concentration in vascular beds. Hence, the present study aims on the quantitative variation of Et-1 by the ELISA technique (Amersham Kit, Hongkong). 44 patients in comparison to age and sex matched 44 healthy individuals were analyzed which may elucidate the role of Et-1 as a preclinical/diagnostic marker. Our study revealed a significant elevation of Et-1 in the patient group and an increase in the levels of  2nd to 4th decade of the diseased  indicating the role of Et-1 in the pathogenesis of PPH. A hypothesis can be drawn that the vasoconstriction of the effected may be due to the high levels of ET-1, a vasoconstrictor accounting to homeostatic disturbance in the pulmonary artery.

4. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 871-876 (2007)

ROLE OF THYROID HORMONES IN THE GENERATION OF WIDESPREAD OXIDATIVE STRESS

KALE, M.K., BHUSARI, K.P. AND  UMATHE, S.N.

Sharad Pawar  College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur- India, E mail:  kalemkncp@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The objective of present investigation was to evaluate thyroid function in normal and oxidative stressed rats during hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.  Our interest was to examine the possible relationship between the dynamics of oxidative stress and thyroid state. The stress was induced by employing various stressors. The findings revealed that hyperthyroidism increased oxidative stress, whereas hypothyroidism induced by methimazole reduced oxidative stress. Study also showed significant changes in T3, T4 and TSH level during different thyroid state with all the employed stressors, indicating some relationship between the level of thyroxine and oxidative stress. Hence, it is contemplated that thyroid hormones play vital role in the generation of universal oxidative stress.

5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 877-880 (2007)

STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN CYCLOSPORINE A AND HERBAL EXTRACTS ON IN VITRO CULTURED HUMAN T-CELLS

KAINTHLA, R.P.,  KASHYAP, R.S.,  PUROHIT, H.J., DEOPUJARI, J.Y., TAORI, G.M. AND DAGINAWALA, H. F.

Biochemistry Research lab, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur - 440 010. Marg, E Mail: hfd_ciims@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Herb-drug interaction is getting much attention in present medical researches. Patients, while taking course of some allopathic drugs recommended by authorized doctor, also start taking herbal drugs at their own on recommendation of by quacks. As there is difference in the mechanism of action of conventional and herbal drugs, the chance of interaction between them cannot be neglected. In the present study, we have examined the effects of Cyclosporine on  5 different herbal extracts viz. Hemidesmus indicus, Tinospora cordifolia, Bacopa monnieri, Fagonia arabica, Rubia cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra, on in vitro culture lymphocytes. Human T-cells (clone E6-1)  were  cultured with or without Cyclosporine (50µg/ml) and different herbal extracts. Cell proliferation measurement was done by XTT assay after 24 hours in culture. We have observed that Bacopa monnieri and Rubia cordifolia at 1000µg/ml concentration inhibits the cell density both in presence and absence of CsA. Fagonia critica and Tinospora cordifolia  extracts have no significant effect on suppressive activity of CsA. Hemidesmus indicus and Glycyrrhiza glabra have been found to interact with the CsA in a way to reduce its immunosuppressive activity at 1000µg/ml.

6. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 881-887 (2007)

EFFECT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI BARK EXTRACT ON PLASMA AND TISSUE GLYCOPROTEINS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

SARAVANAN, G. AND PARI, L.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, India. E-mail: pariau@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini bark (SBEt) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic, which was induced in male albino Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). After injection, the animals were divided into five groups viz., control group, SBEt (300mg/kg) treated group, diabetic group, diabetic + SBEt (300mg/kg) and diabetic + glibenclamide.  SBEt was administered orally at a dose of 300mg/kg body weight for 45 days. The effect of SBEt on body weight, blood glucose, urine sugar, plasma insulin, C-peptide, plasma and tissue glycoproteins was studied in comparison to glibenclamide (600 µg/kg), a standard reference drug. The study shows a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, urine sugar and plasma glycoproteins, while plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. There was also a significant decrease in the level of sialic acid and elevated levels of hexose, hexosamine and fucose in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The diabetic animals also showed a reduction of body weights. Oral administration of SBEt reverted these changes. Thus the study indicates that Syzygium cumini bark possesses a significant beneficial effect on glycoproteins in addition to its antidiabetic action.

7. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 889-893 (2007)

TOPOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN INFUNDIBULAR SEGMENT OF GOAT OVIDUCT

SHARMA, R. K. AND RITA, S.

Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119.
E mail: rkszookuk@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Topographic and ultrastructural changes in the infundibular segment of goat (Capra hircus)  oviduct has been studied during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Histologically, the mucosal epithelium of the infundibulum revealed characteristic pattern of changes in the number, height, branching of the mucosal folds and relative frequency of ciliated and secretary cells during both the phases of the oestrous cycle. Topographic analysis of the infundibular epithelium in the follicular phase demonstrated uniform distribution of ciliated cells. The frequency of the non-ciliated cells were higher and restricted zones of ciliated cells was observed during the luteal phase. Secretory cells appeared as collapsed envelopes (ghost cells) at some places. The presence of low electron dense cytoplasm in the ciliated cells was the characteristic of the follicular phase. Densely stained secretory cells possessed small secretory granules with dense homogeneous matrices. The non-ciliated cells of the luteal phase showed large finger like cytoplasmic protrusions. Ciliated cells were interspersed with secretory cells at some restricted zones. The results demonstrate that the oviductal epithelium of goat revealed marked cyclic variations in the topography and fine structure.

8. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 895-898 (2007)

EVALUATION OF CLEMASTINE EFFECT ON POSTSURGICAL INTRAABDOMINAL ADHESIONS IN RATS

NAZEM, M., KELIDARI, B., MIRMOHAMMAD, S. A., PESSARAN, Z., MOKHTARI, M. AND NOORIAN, E.

Department of pediatric surgery,  Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. E Mail: amirhossein1@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study is undertaken to examine the effect of clemastine in prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions after laparatomy in rats. It was a case-control experimental clinical trial. The sample included 60 healthy, male rats that were divided into two equal treated and control groups randomly. The rats, used for experiment, were from the same generation and the same age weighing about 215 ± 20 g. Each rat was anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (5mg/kg). Using sterile technique, the abdominal cavity was entered via a 4 cm, vertical midline incision. Five longitudinal incisions each of them 1cm in length were incised in the internal aspect of their right abdominal wall and a 1 cm2 piece of peritoneum was excised from the left side. Concurrently, clemastine (25µg/kg) was given intraperitonealy to the treated group. Two weeks later, they had a second laparatomy for assessing the rate, grade and pathologic evaluation of adhesions. The results showed that the number of adhesion bands and their grading were less in the treated group. The difference between treated and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The average grading of intra-abdominal adhesions in the treated group was 1.10000 ± 1.0939 and corresponding figure for the control group was 2.40000 ± 1.2484. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the number and the grade of adhesions (rhos = 0.457, P<0.0001). Clemastine fumarate effectively decreased the number and the degree of adhesion bands.

9. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 899-903 (2007)

MEASURING AUTOANTIBODY AGAINST MODIFIED LDL IN CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS

ASGARY, S., NADERI, G., GHARIPOOR, M., SABET, B., HASHEMI, M. AND SIADAT, A. H.

Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, a WHO  Collaboration Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases Control, Preventing and Rehabilitation for Cardiac Patients in Eastern Mediterranean  Region, Isfahan University of Medical  Sciences, P.O. Box: 81465-1148, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: s_asgari@crc.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a process that is initiated with hypercholesterolemia and fatty streak formation. Previous studies have shown the effect of the immune system on this process. They have also shown that oxidative modification of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) causes an immunogenic response, as oxidized LDL (OX-LDL) has antigenic properties, and thus causes the production of autoantibodies to different epitopes of oxidized LDL. Antibodies against oxidized LDL have been proposed to be independent predictors of atherosclerosis development. A clear relationship between autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and the increase of cardiovascular disease has been shown. The main purpose of this current study is to compare antibody titers to different types of oxidized LDL (Cu+2 -LDL, Malondialdehyde-LDL) and Native-LDL between angiographically documented coronary patients, angiographically documented normal patients, and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study. The goal of this study was to find the amount of anti-OX-LDL autoantibodies between angiographically documented coronary patients, angiographically documented normal patients, and healthy subjects. Each group included 20 subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure anti-OX-LDL autoantibodies. Titers of anti-malondialdehyde-LDL autoantibodies in angiographically documented coronary patients, angiographically documented normal patients, and healthy subjects were 3.55±0.415, 0.36±0.20, 0.093±0.078, respectively (P=0.005). There was not any statistically significant difference between Native-LDL and Cu+2-LDL antibodies. As the results show a clear relation between the titer of autoantibodies against OX-LDL and the occurrence of coronary artery disease in the three groups under study, we can conclude that the titer of autoantibodies against OX-LDL is a predictor of the progression of atherosclerosis. Our data provides further support for a role of LDL modified by oxidation in atherogenesis.

10. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 905-908 (2007)

PLASMA LIPID PEROXIDATION AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL IN OPIUM ADDICTS

ASGARY, S., NADERI, G.H. AND SIADAT, A.H.

Basic Sciences Department, Isfahan University of Medical  Sciences, P.O. Box: 81465-1148, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: s_asgari@crc.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: The objective of present investigation is to investigate the effect of opium on plasma lipid peroxidation, lipids, HbA1c and blood sugar level in comparison with control group. This case-control study was conducted on a sample consisting of 64 men. The control group comprised 32 cigarette smokers who were studied by urine morphine strip test. The case group included 32 opium addicts with a history of vaporing addiction 1g/daily for at least 3 years. Data were analyzed by T-test using SPSS and EPI 6 statistical software. The mean of total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in opium addict than non-addict. Values of HbA1c were significantly more in opium addict. The mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in addict group as compared with control group but this was not significant. There were no significant differences in other evaluated parameters. Although many studies currently have suggested the cardioprotective effects of the opioids with different mechanisms, it must not be concluded that routine use of opium, as it is seen in opium addicts, has  cardioprotective effects and it must not be accepted as a logical reason from these people to continue their addiction. Our study has suggested that opium addiction, at least in theory, can exacerbate process of atherosclerosis in these people.

11. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 909-911 (2007)

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIBODY IgG AGAINST RUBELLA IN THE HEALTHY FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF ISFAHAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

PESSARAN, Z.,  REZAEI, A., MAZAHERI, S. AND SIADAT, A. H.

Department of Immunology, 2Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E mail: z_pessaran@med.mui.ac.ir

 Abstract:  Rubella is an infectious disease of children and adults which usually is associated with the symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy and rash. After infectious with rubella, a permanent immunity is developed against it. Regarding the severe congenital malformations attributed to the infection with rubella virus during pregnancy, routine vaccination against it has been recommended during early adulthood. To better clarify the need for routine vaccination against rubella in young adults, we evaluated the IgG serum level in the females. This was a cross sectional study performed in the Isfahan University of Medical Science students with age range of 18-26 years old. Overall, 96 female students were selected by simple sampling technique and antibody against rubella were checked in them using ELISA technique. Demographic data were obtained using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Our study showed that 14.5% of the students were non -immune and 82.2% of them were immune to the rubella. The prevalence distribution of antibody against rubella in the unvaccinated students was also evaluated. Out of the 96 students, 93 students (96.8%) had no history of vaccination against rubella. Out of these 93 students, 4 students (15%) were non immune to rubella, 3 students had suspicious antibody level and 76 students (81.8%) were immune. Our study showed that 82.2% of the females in child bearing age are immune to rubella but only 3.1% of them had history of vaccination against rubella. Due to the low income and the cost of widespread vaccination, it can be concluded that routine vaccination of rubella is not necessary in Iran.

12. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 913-916 (2007)

LIPASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS SP. UNDER DIFFERENT PHYSIO-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS

SHAH, K. R. PATEL, P. M. AND BHATT, S. A.

Department of Biotechnology. P. S. Science and H. D. Patel Arts Collage, Kadi, E mail: skrlipse@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Lipases occupy a prominent place among biocatalysts and have a wide spectrum of biotechnological applications. Lipases occupy a prominent place among biocatalysts and have a wide spectrum of biotechnological applications. Majority of lipases are secreted extracellularly. Bacillus species of bacteria are the prominent source lipases. The objective of present investigation is to  determined the activity of lipase was under varied physiochemical conditions of carbon source (olive oil, ground nut oil, castor oil, coconut oil and tributyrine), nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, beef extract, and NH4Cl), organic solvents (acetone, benzene, hexane, methanol, ethyl alcohol and butyl alcohol)  and cations (Mg++, Ca++, Mn++). Study shows out of twenty five isolates obtained, eight isolates secreted lipase, amylase and protease and strain Pa2 was most potent in secreting lipase among all the twenty five isolates, as it  produced maximum lipase under different physio-chemical conditions

13. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 917-920 (2007)

EFFECT OF BACOPA MONNIERA LEAF EXTRACT ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE PROSTATE GLAND OF D-GALACTOSE INDUCED AGING  MICE

 KALAMADE, V. PILLAI, M.M. AND KALAMADE, I.S.

Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur  416 004, 1Department of Zoology, Y. C. College of  Science,
Karad  415 124,   India. Email: vahidakalamade@yahoo.com

Abstract: Prostate is considered as the gland of aging. Prostate undergoes many histological and biochemical alterations in old age. The change in androgen level and imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants further increase the free radical formation.  Unscavenged  free radicals or their uncontrolled production exert cytotoxic effects on the cells of the prostate and other parts of body. Aging induces many histopathological changes in prostate.  The present study was carried out to find out the effect of Bacopa monniera  on histological structure of prostate of D-galactose induced aging mice. Bacopa monniera is  a well known Ayurvedic plant with proved antioxidant properties. It has free radical scavenging, antiaging and anticancerous properties.  In D-galactose induced ( D-galactose treatment for 20 days) aging prostate acini were found altogether different from the control, they were dialated, elongated, irregular and compactly arranged.  They were lined with low cuboidal  epithelium. In Bacopa co-treatment (Bacopa along with D-galactose) the acini were irregular and elongated but with normal tall, columnar epithelium and the acini were with a basal layer, indicating protective effect of Bacopa. In natural  recovery (20 days D-galactose  followed by no dose for next 20 days).  The  structure was more or less similar to induced aging prostate, indicating no considerable natural recovery. In Bacopa recovery group (20 days D-galactose followed by 20 days Bacopa treatment.) most of the acinar and stromal structure was restored to normal  indicating  reparing  effect of Bacopa on almost entire histological structure of prostate.

14. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 921-926 (2007)

MICROPROPAGATION OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA LINN.: AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT

VADODARIA, H. K.,  SAMANTARAY, S. AND  MAITI, S. 

National Research Centre for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Boriavi -387 310, Anand,  E mail: director@nrc-map.org

Abstract: Medicinal plants are serving to meet the health needs of millions of people and animals around the world. It has been estimated as many as 80 % of the world’s rural population relies on herbal traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. However, net productivity of the required herbal medicines does not execute the demand of growing population, hence some alternatives is required to  fulfill the desired needs. One of such techniques that has proven itself a promising in rapid reproductivity of the plant and plant based product is the tissue culture that often produces true toprogeny of a plant. Glycyrrhiza glabra, an important medicinal plant,  shows antipyretic, antidiabetic, analgestics, diuretics, laxatives, and anti-cancer properties. These properties are attributed by the acidic constituent called glycyrrhizic acid present in its roots as a secondary metabolite and is 50 times sweeter than sugar. The objective of the present communication is  to develop a successful  micropropagation procedure from mature shoot tips and nodal explants of G. glabra.

15. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 927-930 (2007)

EFFECT OF ASPARTIC ACID ON LIPID PEROXIDATION, LIVER MARKERS AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES IN WISTAR RATS

SIVAPERUMAL, R., SUBRAMANIAN, P., SUBASH, S.  AND  ESSA, M.M.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,  Annamalainagar
608 002, India. E-mail: annamalai_rhythm@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: In mammals, aspartate and glutamate are the important excitotoxins and cause neuronal cell death. It has been suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in mediating this phenomenon. This neuronal toxicity is associated with lipid peroxidation by the activation of NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) receptors. In this study a daily dose of aspartate (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for 60 days and the levels of circulatory lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances -TBARS); antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase - AST, alanine transaminase - ALT, alkaline phosphatase - ALP) were measured. The levels of brain aspartate, and glucose and cholesterol were estimated in circulation. Increased levels of TBARS, AST, ALT, ALP, glucose, cholesterol and decreased activities of GSH, SOD and CAT were found in aspartate treated rats. These results indicate that aspartic acid induces oxidative stress in brain, which is mediated by excessive activation of NMDA receptors and support the idea that oxidative stress can play a role in changes of liver marker enzymes and other biochemical variables.

16. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 931-933 (2007)

EFFECT OF BACOPA MONNIERA (LINN) ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN D-GALACTOSE INDUCED AGED MICE

PATIL, R. B., VORA, S. R., PAWAR, B. K. AND PILLAI, M.M.

Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, India. E. mail: rb_aging@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Three groups of seven to eight months old male mice were maintained. The first group was kept as control . The second group was injected with 5% D-galactose for 20 days. The animals of the last group were injected with 5% D-galactose and simultaneously extract of Bacopa monniera.  The animals were sacrificed and weights of testis and epididymis were determined. The sperm count and mitochondrial peroxidation were analysed. In galactose injected mice, the weights of testis and epididymis as well as the sperm count/epididymis was significantly decreased as compared to controls but there was significant increase in mitochondrial peroxidation. Bacopa monniera extract application along with galactose significantly reverted these changes. .

17. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 935-942 (2007)

DOXORUBICIN INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES SHOW DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF TESTICULAR PROTEINS

MISHRA, M.D., MISRA H.S. AND BHIWGADE, D.A.

Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CBD, Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614,
E mail: mdmishra2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Doxorubicin used as anticancer agent shows cytotoxicity to reproductive organs and induces a strong oxidative stress. This reduces the male reproductive potential by a still unknown mechanism. Ultramicroscopic studies of the testis and epididymis from doxorubicin treated animals showed cytoarchitectural disorganization of spermatogonia and accessory cells involved in sperms production. Drug challenged testicular tissues showed differential expression of  seven proteins when compared with control. N-terminal amino acids sequencing identified two proteins with putative function in DNA metabolism and one involves in detoxification of xenobiotic substances. The results suggest that doxorubicin treatment induces the differential expression of both DNA metabolic protein including an unknown proteins encoded by testis specific gene 9 and xenobiotics detoxifying enzymes.

18. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 943-948 (2007)

MECHANISM OF APOPTOTIC DEATH IN EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS INDUCED BY DERIVATIVES OF HYDROXAMIC ACID

KUMAR, A., RAJWADE, R. P., PANDEY, B.N., PANDEY, R. AND MISHRA, K.P.

Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085.
E mail:  mishra_kaushala@rediffmail.com

Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate anticancer property of hydroxamic acid (PBHA) and its halogenated derivative, N-chlorophenyl-p-bromobenzohydroxamic acid (CBHA) in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells. CBHA was found more effective in induction of cytotoxicity in EAT cells than PBHA. Further mechanism of cytotoxicity in EAT cells was studied after treatment of CBHA. Tumor cells treated with CBHA showed significant increase in generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measured by oxidation of 2,7-dichloro dihydro fluorescien diacetate (DCHF-DA). The induction of cellular oxidative stress was correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by decrease in membrane potential (ψm)  and subsequent oxidation of cardiolipin. The events at mitochondrial level induced by CBHA were found to be associated with hallmark features of apoptotic death i.e. externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), activation of caspase-3 and DNA ladder formation. The results suggest that CBHA induced apoptotic cell death follows mitochondrial pathway, which might help in the development of new anti-cancer drug.  

EFFECT OF CLITORIA TERNATEA EXTRACT ON RADIAL ARM MAZE TASK PERFORMANCE AND CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY IN RATS

VYAWAHARE, N.S., NIKAM, A.P., SHARMA, R.G., DESHPANDE, M.M.,TARNALLI. A.D. AND BODHANKAR S. L.

AISSMS College of Pharmacy Kennedy road, Pune-4110001. E-mail: neerajsv @ rediffmail.com

Abstract: In the present investigation, the effect of alcoholic extract of roots of Clitoria ternatea  on spatial memory retention and associated changes in acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain after electroshock or scopolamine induced amnesia are reported. The preselected trained rats were administered once a day with either alcoholic extract of C. ternatea or standard Shankhapushpi syrup for 10 days. 1 h after the last dose, the animals of respective groups were subjected to electroshock or scopolamine treatment followed by radial arm maze task performance. Thereafter, the brain was immediately isolated and ACh as well as AChE levels were estimated.  Study shows significant memory retention against electroshock and scopolamine induced amnesia in root extract treated rats.  The extract was found to be more effective in scopolamine model. This action was found to be associated with significant increase in ACh content of whole brain and decrease in AChE activity in different regions of the brain compared to respective controls qualitatively.

20. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 953-956 (2007)

EFFECT OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM PERICARP OIL ON CIRCULATORY GLUCOSE AND LIVER GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN ALBINO RAT

CHOUDHARI, C.V. AND DESHMUKH, P.B.

Department of Chemistry, Science College, Nanded 431605. E mail: chhayachoudhari@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The present paper deals with the evaluation of effect of crude extract of Semecarpus anacardium pericarp oil, on blood sugar and glucose as well as glycogen level in liver of albino rat (Wistar strain) in either sex. Albino rats were orally treated with three sub lethal doses of Semecarpus anacardium extract (SAE) as 250 mg/kg b wt/day, 500 mg/kg b w/day and 750 mg /kg/day for 1, 4 and 7 days. Decreased levels of blood and liver glucose as well as liver glycogen observed after oral treatment of SAE indicate its hypoglycemic effect and an impact on glucose metabolism.

21. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 957-960 (2007)

GLUTATHIONE METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN SENILE CATARACTOUS HUMAN LENS

 PANDYA, A.V., JAIN, N.K.  AND GOSWAMI, N.V.

Biochemistry Department, School of  Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 004, India.
E. mail: ajitpandya@sancharnet.in

Abstract: The most common form of cataract is the “senile cataract” occurring in the aged population. Current estimate indicates that by the year 2010, more than 20 % of the population in industrialized countries will be suffering from cataract when they reach above 65 years of age. In present investigation fluctuations of three important enzymes, viz., glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and gama-glutamyl transpetidase (GTP) have been reported in senile cataractous human lens. Study shows a significant decrease of all the three enzymes in cataractous lenses as compared to normal lens. The diminution of these enzymes certainly affects two major constituent of the lens – proteins and GSH, leading to the accumulation of GSSG and H2O2 which may lead to lens cataractogenesis. 

22. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 961-964 (2007)

CLINICAL CORRELATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES-2  IN BREAST CANCER

GOSWAMI, N.V., PATEL, P. AND PANDYA,  A.V.

 Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 004, India. E. mail: ajitpandya@sancharnet.in   

Abstract: Frequency of breast cancer is increasing both in developed and developing countries and factors are ill defined. Matrix metalloproteinases, a group of proteolytic enzymes, has been repeatedly implicated in metastasis. Different forms of metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in untreated breast cancer patients have been identified. Active MMP-2, total MMP-2 as well as activation ratio of MMP-2 was higher in recorded samples as compared to their pretreatment levels. Latent MMP-2 levels were lower in follow-up samples as compared to untreated breast cancer patients. Thus, plasma levels of MMP-2 could correlate with disease status and can be useful for treatment monitoring of the breast cancer patients. Activation of MMP-2 has been sown to be an early event for metastatic potentials of tumor. The objective of present study is to find out the expression pattern of MMP-2 in pre- and post treatments plasma samples of breast cancer patients.

23. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 965-973 (2007)

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT STABILITY OF ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE: A PROMISING CYANIDE ANTIDOTE

BHATTACHARYA, R. TULSAWANI, R.K., SHARMA, M., PARDASANI, D.  DUBEY, D.K., AND SEMWAL, R. P.

Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India.
E-mail: rbhattacharya41@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Antagonism of experimental cyanide poisoning by alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) is well known. The present study was undertaken to assess the temperature-dependent stability of aqueous solution of A-KG. Solution of A-KG (400 mg/ ml) was stored in refrigerator (4  1 oC) or at room temperature (25  5 oC) for two years and aliquots were drawn from 0 to 24 months for pH, mouse bioassay and analysis by GC-MS, LC-MS, FTIR and NMR. Mouse bioassay was based on Protection Index (PI) which was the ratio of LD50 of potassium cyanide (KCN; oral) in the presence or absence of A-KG (2.0 g/ kg, oral; 0 min). The pH and the PI of freshly prepared solution of A-KG was 8.45 and 5.4, respectively. There was no significant effect of temperature and storage time on the pH of A-KG. However, PI of A-KG stored at room temperature declined more distinctly as compared to the one refrigerated, particularly after six months. After 24 months, the PI of A-KG stored at room temperature was 2.4 as compared to 3.8 when refrigerated. FTIR spectra of A-KG after 6 months of storage at room temperature showed deterioration over the A-KG solution prepared fresh or refrigerated. NMR spectrum of fresh aqueous solution of A-KG showed 88% content of A-KG which decreased with time. GC-MS profile of A-KG revealed the prominent peak of keto group which with time changed to enol group, particularly when stored at room temperature. LC-MS spectrum of A-KG stored at room temperature for 24 months showed polymerization, particularly yielding trimer of A-KG. The GC-MS profile of A-KG showed traces of succinic acid after 24 months of storage. This study shows that in spite of tautomerism, the protective efficacy of A-KG did not diminish significantly upon storage for two years, particularly when refrigerated. Therefore, its storage under refrigeration can be safely recommended for more than one year.

24. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 975-979 (2007)

PROPHYLATIC EFFICACY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST MPTP INDUCED PARKINSON’S DISEASE IN MICE

RAJA SANKAR, S., MANIVASAGAM, T., ALBERT SINGH, V., KRISHNAMURTI, A. AND RAMANATHAN, M.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, India. E. mail: anatomysrs@yahoo.com

Abstract: As part of a substantial effort to curtail the adverse health effects posed by Parkinson’s disease, studies have been conducted to elucidate the antilipid peroxidative action of Withania somnifera against MPTP (1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine) induced oxidative stress in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease ( i.p, 20 mg/Kg body weight for 4 days) The study shows a significant increase in the levels of thio barbituric acid reactive substance, activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and decreased level of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in mid brain and corpus striatum of MPTP treated mice. Withania somnifera administered orally (100 mg/Kg body weight) before administration of MPTP tends to bring these parameters near to normal levels. This study concludes that the pre-treatment with Withania somnifera prior to the administration of MPTP, reduced the degree of oxidative stress.

25. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 981-985 (2007)

THE EFFECT OF LEAD ON RED BLOOD CELL SODIUM-LITHIUM COUNTER TRANSPORT AND INDUCTION OF HYPERTENSION

ANI, M., MOSHTAGHIE, A.A. AND AKBARZADEH, S.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Isfahan, Iran. E.mail: ani@pharm.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: The relationship between lead and rabbit erythrocyte lithium efflux (as a sodium lithium countertransport activity) has been investigated in vivo and in vitro. Male rabbits (1350 ± 50g) were used for the experiments. In vivo studies were performed by intraperitoneally injection of lead acetate [(CH3COO) 2Pb.3H2O] every other day for 2 weeks (13mg/kg body weight as an acute dose) and for 7 weeks (6.5mg/kg as chronic dose) and then lithium efflux was evaluated. It was shown that lead increased maximal efflux rate, lithium efflux, Vmax/Km, Vmax and decreased Km of the transporter leading to increasing of the activity when compared with control group. The effects of incubation times (30, 60 and 90 min), different sodium concentrations (0 to 150mM) and different lead concentrations (2.5 to 100µM) on lithium efflux were studies in vitro which indicated a positive relationship between the activation of erythrocyte lithium efflux and incubation time, sodium and lead concentrations (p<0.05). These observations suggest that abnormalities in lithium efflux may be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of lead-induced hypertension.

26. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 987-991 (2007)

ILICO PREDICTION OF ANTIGENIC EPITOPE IN MELITTIN FROM APIS CERANA

 CHIKHALE, N. J.

Department of Biotechnology,  Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444 602, India.
E. Mail:  njchikhale@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The healers have practiced apitherapy, the use of honeybee products for curative purposes. The bee venom is used for treating a wide variety of conditions from acute tendonitis to chronic back pain to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The major treatment is gene therapy or recombinant DNA vaccines involved targeting multiple antigenic components to direct and empower the immune system to protect the host from infection. Limitation of therapy to the treatment of patients suffering from various adverse reaction and contraindications are always experienced. Antigenic epitopes on melittin protein [Apis cerana] are important determinants of protection against Rheumatoid Arthritis. As our knowledge of the immune responses to a protein antigen progressed, it became clear that the whole protein is not necessary for raising the immune response, but small segments (LVNVALVFYGRVHFLHLCVHFLHLWA, 4-29) of protein called the antigenic determinants or the epitopes are sufficient for eliciting the desired immune response. Immunization cassettes should be capable of immunizing of broad immunity against both humoral and cellular epitope thus giving vaccines the maximum ability to deal with Apis cerana immune escape. We have predicted a successful immunization strategy against Rheumatoid Arthritis.

27. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 993-995 (2007)

HAPTOGLOBIN: A POTENTIAL SERUM BIOMARKER IN BREAST CANCER

VISHNUPRIYA, S., SRINIVASAN, A., POONGOTHAI, A.R., RAO, S.C.  AND   SRINIVASULU, M.

Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, 2MNJ Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad 500013
E.mail: drsattivishnupriya@yahoo.com

Abstract: Haptoglobin phenotyping was done in 200 cases of breast cancer and 150 cases of controls. There was significant elevation of heterozygotes (Hp2-1) and corresponding decrease in Homozygotes. The allelic frequencies also showed significant deviation and Hp1 allele being more prevalent in breast cancer group. The association of Hp2-1 genotype with advanced stage of the disease, aggressive therapy, post menopausal status and age at onset more than 45 years suggests that Hp2-1 may have tumor promoting ability as they are known for their role in immune suppression. Our study indicates haptoglobin as a possible biomarker in risk prediction for breast cancer.

28. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 997-1002 (2007)

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LETTUCE (LACTUCA  SATIVA LINN.) IN D-GALACTOSE INDUCED AGEING IN FEMALE ALBINO MICE

DESHMUKH, A. A., GAJARE, K. A. AND PILLAI, M. M.

Department of Zoology, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and humanities Amravati 444604,
E- mail: ashish_cellbio@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The consumption of green vegetables and fruits slow down the process of ageing as they contain natural antioxidants. Lactuca sativa is a rich source of flavonol antioxidants like quercetin and caffeic acid. In addition, it also carries ascorbic acid, which is a well-known antioxidant. Lettuce is routinely used in many parts of the world as green salad. In the present investigation anti-ageing effect of ethanolic extract of Lactuca sativa was studied in D-galactose induced ageing accelerated female albino mice. For this purpose the animals were divided into three groups viz., control group – injected (s.c.) with 0.5 ml sterile water for fifteen days, ageing accelerated group - injected (s.c.) with 0.5 ml of 5% D-galactose for fifteen days and D-galactose + Lactuca sativa cotreated group – given 0.5 ml of 5% D-galactose containing ethanolic extract of Lactuca sativa (40 mg/kg body wt.) for fifteen days. Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx were carried out in various regions of brain viz., cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpora quadrigemina and cerebellum. Study shows a significant increase in MDA and corresponding decrease in all the three antioxidant enzymes in ageing accelerated group than the control group. In the present model of D-Galactose induced mimetic ageing, ethanolic extract of Lactuca sativa (40 mg/kg body wt.) has significantly decreased (p<0.001) lipid peroxidation and balanced the antioxidant enzymes indicating the anti ageing effect of Lactuca sativa.

29. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 1003-1007 (2007)

ALPRAZOLAM ATTENUATE CERTAIN BEHAVIOR AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS AGAINST HYPOXIC OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MICE

KUMAR, A. AND GOYAL, R.

Pharmacology division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University,
chandigarh 160014, India. E mail: Kumaruips@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hypoxia, a noxious and hyperventilatory stimulus and a modifier of neuronal metabolism, could influence cortical function. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of alprazolam in acute hypoxia-induced certain behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. Mice were given hypoxia for a period of 2 hr. Alprazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 mins before subjecting the animals to acute hypoxic stress.  Several behavioral tests (mirror chamber, actophotometer, tail flick test) and biochemical analysis (malanodialdehyde level, glutathione, catalase, nitrite and protein) were assessed subsequently. Acute hypoxic stress of 2 h caused severe anxiety, analgesia and impaired motor activity in mice. Biochemical analyses revealed an increase malanodialdehyde, nitrite level and depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in hypoxic brain. Pre-treatment with alprazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p) significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced anxiety, analgesia and locomotor activity. Besides, pre-treatment of alprazolam also decreased malanodialdehyde, nitrite activity and restored reduced glutathione level and catalase activity. These results suggest that alprazolam has a neuroprotective effect and can be considered in the treatment and management of stress-related disorders.

30. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 7(1) 1009-1011 (2007)

A UNIQUE CASE OF DOWN SYNDROME WITH INHERITED MATERNAL ROBERTSONIAN TRANSLOCATION (21;21) AND PATERNAL INVERSION 9qh.

CHANDEL, D. AND MULTANI, A.S.

Division of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India.
E mail: divya_chandel@yahoo.com

Abstract: This contribution presents a family having a history of 9 spontaneous abortions, 1 neonatal death, a child with Down Syndrome (Proband) and 3 phenotypically as well as genotypically normal sisters. Karyotyping of the Down Syndrome child was first done for cytogenetic confirmation of trisomy 21. The child was found to have Robertsonian translocation of chromosome 21 with maternal inheritance and pericentric inversion of chromosome 9qh with paternal inheritance. The implications of 9 spontaneous abortions in mother are discussed even though she has translocation only in 2% of her peripheral lymphocytes.