1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1649-1654 (2009)

Fibrinolysis enhancement by Pueraria tuberosa (Indian kudzu)in patients with coronary artery disease: A placebo controlled study

Verma, S.K. Jain, V. and Vyas, A.

Indigenous Drug Research Center, Department of Medicine, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, 313 001, India. E. mail: skvermaster@gmail.com

Abstract: The Indian Kudzu (Pueraria tuberosa DC.) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Indian (Ayurveda) and Chinese systems of medicine. The present study is an attempt to evaluate its effect on fibrinolysis in patients with coronary artery disease. Acute study shows a dose dependent effect of P. tuberosa tuber powder on fibrinolytic activity; where a maximum of 150 percent rise was observed after administration of 5 g tuber powder and the minimum significant (p<0.05) rise was observed with 0.75 gram dose. One month administration of P. tuberosa  in two doses of  3 g and 1.5 g, to the patients with coronary artery disease significantly increased fibrinolytic activity (p<0.01 for 3 g and p<0.05 for 1.5 g daily doses). The plasma fibrinogen level was also reduced; but the statistical significance was achieved only with 3 g dose (p<0.01). It was tolerated well without any untoward side effects. It is probably the first time that fibrinolysis enhancement of P. tuberosa has been demonstrated in human volunteers with coronary artery disease.

2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1655-1659 (2009)

Detection of genetic polymorphism in the silkworm races of Bombyx mori (L)

Ashok Kumar, K.  Somasundaram, P. and Kamble, C.K.

Central Sericultural Germplasm Resource Centre, Thally Road, Hosur 635 109, Tamil Nadu, India.
E. mail: Kasukurthi_csb@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Eight silkworm races were analyzed for their genetic diversity using esterase isozyme and RAPD techniques. The cluster groups from isozyme and RAPD methods were compared for their application to detect higher genetic polymorphism and their significance is discussed in this paper.

3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1661-1664 (2009)

Fungal elicitor and kinetin induced guggulsterone production in somatic embryo culture of Commiphora wightii

Suthar, S. and Ramawat, K.G.

Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University,
Udaipur-313001, India. E. mail: kg_ramawat@yahoo.com

Abstract:  Guggulsterone, a hypolipidemic natural agent, is produced in resin canals of the plant Commiphora wightii.  Guggulsterone accumulation was recorded in organized somatic embryo cultures of C. wightii  using elicitors and kinetin. The embryos treated with 7.5 mg/l kinetin showed 74 µg/g of guggulsterone while the embryos treated with 500 mg/l Fusarium-elicitor showed 54 µg/g guggulsterone. Embryo culture accumulated ~7 fold increased guggulsterone in comparison to cell culture and the kinetin treated embryos accumulated ~3 fold increased guggulsterones in comparison to untreated embryos. This increased guggulsterone content in embryo was correlated with cytodifferentiation in the organized cultures.

 4. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1665-1672 (2009)

Ameliorative effect of quercetin against cadmium induced toxicity in liver of Wistar rats

Renugadevi, J. and Milton Prabu, S.

Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
608 002, Tamil Nadu, India. E.mail:smprabu73@gmail.com

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial cumulative pollutant that affects many organs especially the liver, kidney and testis. Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid which has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of quercetin on antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in the liver of cadmium intoxicated rats. Oral administration of cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg b. wt./day) for 4 weeks resulted in a significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum hepatospecific markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). It also elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides) and protein carbonyl content in liver. Contrary to these, cadmium intoxication revealed a significant reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities as well as reduced the levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in liver. Oral administration of quercetin (50 mg/kg b. wt./day) along with cadmium significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the activities of serum enzymes lipid peroxidation.  In addition quercetin significantly (p<0.05) recovered the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the level of GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E in the liver of cadmium intoxicated rats. These results suggested that quercetin exhibited antioxidant property and decreased the lipid peroxidation against cadmium induced oxidative stress in liver.    

5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1673-1679 (2009)

Hematological studies from individuals with occupational exposures to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF–EMF)

Gadhia, P.K., Chakraborty, S.  and Pithawala, M.

Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007. 1C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli Mahua Road, Tarsadi 394350.
E. Mail: pankaj_gadhia@hotmail.com

Abstract: The study is focused on hematological parameters of individuals occupationally exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Thirteen different hematological parameters were measured to analyze possible effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) among the occupationally exposed individuals that included 15 railway engine drivers, 15 electric substation attendants, 15 electric arc welders and 15 individuals working in the vicinity of electric distribution point (DP) transformers. The parameters of the exposed individuals were compared with 15 non-exposed controls as well as 15 non-exposed occupationally related controls (referents) mainly the railway guards. The results revealed no statistically significant difference in any of respective hematological parameters of the controls, referents or the exposed group individuals. In addition, the hematomorphological features were outright normal.

6. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1681-1685 (2009)

Hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Azima tetracantha Lam. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Nargis Begum, T., Muhammad Ilyas, M.H., Burkanudeen, A., Kalavathy, S., Vijaya Anand, A., Sampathkumar, P. and Jaswanth, A.

Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Pavendar Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science, Tiruchirappalli   620 024. E. mail: nargisbegum_t@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: In the present study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Azima tetracantha Lam. was investigated for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats.  Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/ kg, i.p.).  Animals were divided into five group (n=6) receiving different treatments: vehicle (control), diabetic control (alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/kg), ethanolic leaf extract (100 mg and 200 mg/kg b.w), and standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg).  Blood samples were collected and analyzed for plasma glucose on 1, 7 and 14th day and lipid profile on day 14.  The ethanolic leaf extract of Azima tetracantha at the dose of 200 mg/kg produced significant reduction (P<0.001) in plasma glucose and also had beneficial effects (P<0.001) on the lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at the end of the treatment period of fourteen day.  However, the reduction in the plasma glucose and in the lipid profile was slightly less than that achieved with the standard drug glibenclamide.

7. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1687-1690 (2009)

Nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Pedalium murex linn

Shelke, T.T., Kothai, R., Adkar, P.P., Bhaskar, V.H., Juvale, K.C., Kamble, B.B., and Oswal, R.J.

JSPM’s Charak College of Pharmacy and Research, Wagholi, Pune-412207. E. mail: ttshelke@gmail.com

Abstract: Cisplatin is a potent antitumor agent, but its clinical use is limited due to its renal toxicity. Several pharmacological studies have reported beneficial effects of certain Indian Medicinal plants to protect from kidney and renal injuries. In the present investigation, the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Pedalium murex was evaluated for nephroprotective activity in Cisplatin induced renal damage in rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of Cisplatin 5mg/kg. Effect of concurrent administration of Pedalium murex ethanolic extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg given by oral route was determined using serum creatinine and blood urea and change in body weight as indicators of kidney damage. Cystone was used as standard drug.  The extract significantly decreased the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Remarkable changes were observed in body weight, serum creatinine and urea levels. It was observed that the ethanolic extract significantly protected the kidneys from injury. Current study results show that the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Pedalium murex is an excellent nephroprotective as compared to cystone.

8. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1691-1695 (2009)

Reversal of phenytoin-induced cognitive impairment by Aacorus calamus in mice

Yende, S.R., Harle, U.N., Bore, V.V., Bansod, M.S. and Patil, M.N.

Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy road, Pune 411001, India.
E. mail: unharle@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The study deals with the investigation of the effect of methanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes on phenytoin induced cognitive impairment in mice using passive-avoidance task, locomotor activity and acetylcholinesterase enzyme estimation. The regular  administration of Phenytoin (75 mg/kg) showed cognitive impairment in passive avoidance task method by decreasing Step-Down Latency (SDL) and increase in Time Spent in the shock Zone (TSZ) significantly at 2 h and 24 h post-training.  Acorus calamus (250 mg/kg) failed to produce any significant change in cognition. However, when given in combination with phenytoin, significantly increased SDL and decreased TSZ at 2 h and 24 h post-training when compared with phenytoin alone treated group. Acorus calamus showed significantly decreased locomotor activity unlike PHT and the combination of AC and PHT. The chronic oral administration of phenytoin significantly raised AChE level in the brain. Administration of Acorus calamus alone as well as in combination with PHT showed significant decrease in AChE level. Thus, this study provides evidence of the importance of Acorus calamus as adjuvant in antiepileptic therapy to reduce associated cognitive impairments.

9. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1697-1702 (2009)

Commiphora mukul: Evaluation of its nootropic effects in rats

 Pandey, R.D.,  Taranalli, A.D., Saravanan, E. and Ganguly, K.

Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, J.N.M.C.  Campus, Nehrunagar, Belgaum 590010, India. E. mail: pandey.rishabh@rediffmail.com

Abstract: In the traditional system of medicine Commiphora mukul (family-Burseraceae) has been employed clinically for its anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. It has been observed recently that patients receiving lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory drugs like statins and COX inhibitors have a reduced risk of dementia. Therefore, present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Commiphora mukul (popularly known as guggul) on learning and memory in rats. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate the learning and memory parameters. The 100 mg/kg/bw dose of ethyl-acetate extract of Commiphora mukul was administered for 7 successive days in separate group of animals. The ethyl-acetate extract of Commiphora mukul significantly improved the learning and memory in aged rats and also reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine (4mg/kg i.p) and maximal electroshock of 150mA for 0.2 sec. The Commiphora mukul also increased whole brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity. The underlying mechanism of its action may be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties.                                                                                                                  

10. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1703-1707 (2009)

Effect of Capparis decidua extracts on the serum glucose levels of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats

Goyal, N. K.

 Department of Zoology, Mahrishi Dayanand College,  Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
E. mail: arkajasurewin1@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Capparis decidua is xerophytic shrub, commonly known as Kair. The ethanolic extracts (50%) of different parts of Capparis decidua i.e. bark, fruit and flower (500 mg/kg b. wt.) were used to evaluate their glucose lowering potential. Diabetes (type 2) was induced in rats of either sex, aged 48 ± 2 hrs, were injected with Streptozotocin in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) at a dose of 90mg / kg body weight intraperitoneal route. After 12-14 weeks, animals weighing above 150 gm were selected for screening in NIDDM model, by OGTT (Oral- glucose tolerance test). For this purpose, blood was taken at 0 hrs from the tail vein from overnight (12 hrs) fasted rats and they were fed glucose at a dose of 2.5 gm /kg body weight. Then blood was taken at 30, 60 and 120 minutes intervals. The rats having blood glucose level 7-12 mmol/l at 0 hours and showing highest rise at 60 minutes with the blood sugar level 234 to 360 mg/dl, which returned to their 0 hrs value at 120 minutes, were included in the study. A significant increase in the levels of serum glucose was evident in diabetic control group. The serum glucose levels reduced by 81.4%, 60.48% and 55.43% in fruit, flower and bark extract treatments respectively. These results indicate that Capparis decidua bark and fruit possess antihyperglycaemic properties.

11. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1709-1716 (2009)

Extraction, separation and quantification of NPR1 in Solanum tuberosum

Thakkar, A.N., Thakkar, V.R. and Bariya, H.S.

BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
E-mail: vasuthakkar@gmail.com

Abstract: Non-expresser of PR protein (NPR1) is the key protein involved in the plants’ defense pathway signaling and its estimation is crucial in accessing Systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Generally NPR1 expression is measured by its m-RNA quantification; however protein level quantification is necessary to know precise development of SAR as NPR1 is central in signal transduction and is considered as a master switch for SAR. In the present work, we have standardized extraction of NPR1 from S. tuberosum and quantified using 1 Dimension (1D) lane densitometry. The identity of NPR1 was confirmed by western blotting. The limit of detection was found to be 1 μg and quantification limit was found to be 30 μg. The regression coefficient was R2 = 0.990. The Coefficient of variation (CV) for three gels was 3.174 % and the CV with in the same gel was 3.073 %. Using this protocol, induction of NPR1 protein in the leaves of the S. tuberosum treated with fungal culture filtrate (FCF) of Phytophthora infestans was quantified. This can serve as a stringent, rapid, and economic protocol for quantification of NPR1 in S. tuberosum.

12. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1717-1726 (2009)

Effect of cigarette smoking on lipid peroxidation and protective role of antioxidants: A review

Pasupathi, P., Chinnaswamy, P. and Bakthavathsalam, G.

Institute of Laboratory Medicine, K.G. Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute, Coimbatore-641 018, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: drppasupathi@gmail.com

Abstract: Cigarette smoking is a serious health hazard and most important avoidable cause of death  worldwide. It has been estimated that almost 1.1 billion people are classified as smokers of whom over 2 million are expected to die every year. This makes smoking the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the world. In addition to mortality, smoking was shown to deplete the body of its endogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, β-carotene, glutathione and α-lipoic acid. Antioxidant depletion was shown to increase individual vulnerability to free radicals and other oxidant species produced by cigarette smoking and therefore leads to elevated morbidity, aging, and death. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants can reduce the overall oxidative burden that is increased by cigarette smoking. However, supplementation cannot substitute for the greater benefits of smoking cessation.

13. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1727-1730 (2009)

Evaluation of Dolichous bifiorus L. on high fructose diet induced alterations in albino rats

Senthil, E.

Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi  630 003, Tamil Nadu. E.mail : ezhilsenthil78@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: High fructose diet causes induced alterations of lipid metabolism and gluconeogenic pathway. The rats were fed high fructose (50%) diet for 45 days, showed  elevated level of biochemical parameters such as triglycerides (P<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.001) and LDL cholesterol (P<0.001). The plasma glucose level increased (P<0.10) significantly by the ways of two gluconeogenic enzymes activities increased in liver and kidneys. The level of total protein is not significant difference between control and experimental groups. The rats fed with Dolichous biflorus (10%) alone and supplementation in diet to maintain the alterations caused by high fructose diet. These results suggest that the Dolichous biflorus exerts a hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic actions, probably due to its biochemical ingredients.

14. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1731-1736 (2009)

Antihyperglycemic and antilipid peroxdative potential of Ceiba pentandra in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Manoharan, S., Gitanjali, M., Linsa Mary, A., Chellammal, A., Vasudevan, K., Balakrishnan, S. and Vellaichamy, L.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.  E-mail: sakshiman@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus, a life-threatening metabolic disorder, is manifested by abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism due to defect in insulin secretion and function and/or both. Oxidative stress, an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. The present study has investigated the antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxdative of ethanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra bark (CpEBet; 200mg/kg b.w) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight fasted (12 hours) Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w) in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). We noticed an elevated level of blood glucose accompanied by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decline in enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic [vitamin-C, vitamin-E and reduced glutathione (GSH)] antioxidants in diabetic rats. Oral administration of CpEBet at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight brought back the status of above said biochemical variables in diabetic rats. Our results clearly indicate that the ethanolic bark extract of Ceiba pentandra has potent antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative potential in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

15. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1737-1743 (2009)

Hepato-protective value of some plants extract against carbon tetrachloride toxicity in male rats

Parmar, S.R., Dave, G.S., Patel, H.V. and  Kiran Kalia

Laboratory of Biochemistry,  302A, BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, E. mail: kirankalia_in@yahoo.com

Abstract: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is well known for its hepatotoxicity in human and experimental animals. One of the main mechanisms attributed to CCl4 induced hepatotoxic effects is generation of reactive oxygen species / oxidative stress. Various plant extracts have been shown to possess significant hepato-protective properties. The present study plans to evaluate the protective efficacy of aqueous extracts of few common Indian medicinal plants like Phyllanthus niruri, Maytenus emerginata, Eclipta alba, Aloe vera, Solanum indicum and Aegle marmelos, against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were exposed   for 15 days through gastric intubation to CCl4 (1ml/kg, 30% (v/v) with paraffin oil) followed by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri, Maytenus emerginata, Eclipta alba, Aloe vera, Solanum indicum and Aegle marmelos (2ml/kg body weight, 22.22% w/v) for 15 days. Biochemical variables indicative of liver function and oxidative stress were measured. Animals exposed to CCL4 showed significant increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (AST and ALT) activities; serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and total bilirubin level accompanied by significant decrease in total cholesterol, albumin and protein levels. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level exhibited an increase while there was a significant depletion in catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels following exposure to CCl4. Co-administration of aqueous plant extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Maytenus emerginata, Eclipta alba, Aloe vera, Solanum indicum or Aegle marmelos with CCl4 provided significant protection to most of the above mentioned biochemical variables, Maytenus emerginata being the best among all the extracts examined. The results led us to conclude the protective value of Maytenus emerginata in protecting animals from the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4.

16. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1745-1749 (2009)

Antidiabetic and antilipid peroxidative effects of Cassia fistula (Linn.) flowers in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Vasudevan, K., Manoharan, S.,  Linsamary, A. , Balakrishnan, S., Pugalendhi, P., Baskaran, N.
and  Silvan, S.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar  608 002, Tamil Nadu,  E. mail: sakshiman@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study has investigated the antidiabetic and antilipid peroxidative potential of ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula flowers (CfEFet) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The status of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes was also assessed in diabetic rats to confirm the antidiabetic efficacy of C. fistula flowers. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w) dissolved in 0.1M Citrate buffer (pH 4.5) after overnight fasting for 12h. Hyperglycemia associated with increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C, reduced glutathione) were noticed in diabetic rats. Glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities were significantly increased where as the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased in diabetic rats. Oral administration of CfEFet to diabetic rats at a dose of 300mg/kg b.w by gastric gavage brought back the status of the above mentioned biochemical parameters to near normal range. We also noticed that the antidiabetic potential of CfEFet was comparable to that of the reference drug, glibenclamide. The present study thus suggests that C. fistula flowers have potent antidiabetic and antilipid peroxidative effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

17. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1751-1754   (2009)

Evaluation of ovarian function by salivary hormones used as biomarker

Alagendran, S.,   Archunan, G., Arulmozhi, N., Pushpa, N. and Ranjani, M.

Department of Biotechnology, Nehru Memorial College, Putanampatti 621 007,
E. mail: alagan999@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The saliva concentrations of hormone like luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and its conjugates like estrone-1-glucuronide (E-1-G) were assayed in 20 normal menstruating women among reproductive phases like preovulatory phase (6-12 days); ovulatory phase (13-14 days) and postovulatory phase (15-26 days); intending to diagnose and treat disorders of the female reproductive system. The mean values of LH, FSH, estrogen and its conjugates like E-1-G were significantly high (P £ 0.05), while there is a remarkable increase in E-1-G observed in the same patients in three consecutive cycles. Hence, this study was demonstrated that the salivary hormones like estrogen and its conjugates which showed decrease in ovulatory and postovulatory phase. These findings suggest that the salivary hormone profiles may be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of ovulation.

18. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1755-1758 (2009)

Influence of sodium chloride salinity on nodulation and processes associated with protein metabolism in Dolichos lablab (L.) var. Konkan val –2

Patil, D.A.,  Patil A.G., Phatak, A.V. and Naresh Chandra

Department of Botany, Birla College, Kalyan 421 304. E. mail: dravinashpatil@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Salt stress imposes a major constraint on growth, productivity and root nodule development in legumes. However, little attention seems to have been given to the effect of salt stress on various enzymes involved in protein metabolism of root nodules. The present study reports the effect of salt stress (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 % NaCl) on nodulation using detached nodules of Dolichos lablab (L.) Var. Konkan Val-2 after 30 DAS. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on number, fresh weight, dry weight and soluble protein content of nodules. Studies were also carried out on enzymes like protease, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT). It was observed that at 0.5 % salinity the nodule number was sharply declined. The fresh weight, dry weight and soluble protein content declined due to salt treatment. Increase in salt stress resulted in increase in protease activity, NRA and decrease in NiRA. AspAT and AlaAT activities were found to be very low in root nodules of 30 days old plants.

19.  Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1759-1762 (2009)

Comparison between topiramate and sodium valproate in the prophylaxis of migraine headache: A randomized clinical trial with EEG evaluation

Mousavi, S. A., Khorvash, F.  and Abolhassani, J.

Department of Neurology, AlZahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Irfan, Iran
Email :fkhorvash@gmail.com

Abstract: Migraine is a chronic pulsatile vascular headache. It has serious effects on people life and can limit  usual daily activities including professional, social, and familial activities. Regarding lower incidence of adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs and minimal EEG change after drug consumption, we can apply these drugs for prophylaxis of migrainous headaches to increase quality of life of patients. In the current study, we compared the prophylactic efficacy of topiramate versus sodium valproate for the migraine patients.  60 patients with migraine headache were selected and randomized into 2 groups. All of the selected patients had abnormal EEG and not ever used any prophylaxis for their headache. The first group were treated with sodium valproate 400 mg daily for 3 months and the second group were treated with topiramate, 50 mg daily for 3 months. Both groups were assessed for severity and frequency of headaches at the first day and 3 months later. Control EEG performed on month 3, and compared to first EEG.  In both groups, mean frequency and severity of headache substantially decreased at the end of treatment .At the start of the study, all patients had abnormal EEG. However, at the end of study, 60% of the patients in the topiramate and 53.4% of the patients in the sodium valproate group had still abnormal EEG and there was no significant difference regarding their efficacy in reduction of abnormal EEG (P=0282). Severity and frequency of headache was significantly decreased in both groups of patients (p<0.05). Both topiramate and valproate significantly reduce monthly severity and frequency of headache. EEG significantly normalized as well. Our results are suggestive that topiramate can be a good choice for prophylaxis of migraine headache.

20. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1763-1766 (2009)

Blood cell counts associated immunity in Trichuris muris
Gaherwal, S.  and Prakash, M.M.

Department of Zoology  and Department of Biotechnology, Government Holkar Science College,
Indore 452001.  E. mail: mmpshrivastava@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The level of immune response was assessed on the basis of leucocytes response in experimental mice vaccinated with somatic and excretory-secretary (ES) antigens of eggs of helminth, Trichuris muris. Animals infected with parasites showed marked quantitative changes in their leucocytes counts. In the present study the leucocytes counts were found increased. The increase in the counts of lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and eosinophils has also been observed, however neutrophils showed irregular trends.

21. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1767-1772 (2009)

A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of “4% N-acetyl glucosamine + 2% nicotinamide” cream versus 4% hydroquinone cream in the treatment of facial melasma: A randomized, double-blind, split-face clinical trial

Iraji, F., Mehrpour, K., Asilian, A., Siadat, A. H. and  Mohaghegh, F.

Department of Dermatology, AlZahra Hospital, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center,  Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E. mail: amirhossein1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The superiority of N-acetyl glucosamine with Nicotinamide over placebo in the treatment of melasma has been recognized. However, there is no clinical trial to compare the efficacy and side effects of this combination with other topical therapies of melasma. Our objective in this study was to compare the efficacy of N-acetyl glucosamine+ nicotinamide versus hydroquinone for treatment of melasma as a randomized, clinical trial. This was a randomized, double-blinded, split-face study in 30 females, aged 20-50 yrs with symmetrical facial melasma. The right or left sides of face was randomized to be treated with cream A that was composed of 4% N-acetyl glucoseamine and 2% nicotinamide . Cream B was composed of 4% hydroquinone. The treatment was continued for 12 weeks. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. No significant difference was observed regarding Modified MASI score at the start of study (p=0.82). There was also no significant difference regarding change of modified MASI and mean of modified MASI at the end of study (p=0.67 and 0.78, respectively). Although it was not statistically significant, the efficacy of N-acetyl glucosamine + nicotinamide was slightly more and the side effects was slightly less than hydroquinone group suggesting this combination treatment as an good alternative to hydroquinone.

22. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1773-1776 (2009)

Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of supratentorial hemorrhage: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Mousavi, S., Zare, M.,  Khorvash, F.  and  Nikbakht, K.

Department of Neurology, AlZahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Irfan, Iran
Email: fkhorvash@gmail.com

Abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the major problems in neurology and includes 15 % of all hospitalization following cerebrovascular accidents. Except supportive care and surgery, there is no definite treatment for this condition. Citicholine has neuroprotective effects and reduces infarct volume in animal models of stroke. Previous small clinical trials have reported beneficial effect of citicholine on the outcome of stroke. It has also been suggested that citicholine has positive effect on cerebral edema following ICH. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the benefit of the administration of intravenous citicholine given as a neuroprotective and its effect on reduction of morbidity in acute phase of stroke.  Forty patients aged older than 40-years old with acute symptoms of supratentorial hemorrhage and onset of symptoms less than 6 hours were selected and were randomized into 2 groups. Cases group were treated with citicholine (1000 mg bid) for 14 days and control group were treated with placebo. At  the end of study (at day 90), patients were examined again for NIHSS, GCS s and Barthel index. The data were analyzed using SPSS program.  At the start of study, there was no significant difference regarding risk factors, demographic characteristics, size of hemorrhage and its location and Barthel index between the 2 groups. However, at the end of study, there was significant difference regarding Barthel index between the 2 groups in favor of citicoline group (p=0.008). Our results are suggestive that citicholine can improve neuralgic function and can decrease symptoms of ICH. Very few patients showed side effects following treatment with citicholine. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment for patients with ICH.

23. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1777-1780 (2009)

Comparative evaluation of EMG, NCV, SSEP, X ray and MRI for diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy

Mousavi, S. A., Chitsaz, A., Khorvash, F.  and  Laelbakhsh, A. K.

Department of Neurology, AlZahra Hospital,  Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. E. mail: fkhorvash@gmail.com

Abstract: Cervical radiculopathy is one of the most common diseases that must be diagnosed early and properly for  prevention of serious side effects. For this purpose, different diagnostic techniques such as MRI, X-Ray, EMG, NCV and SSEP are used. In the current study, we evaluated and compared the significance of aforementioned techniques for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy.  This prospective study was performed in AlZahra hospital.  36 patients (22 female, 14 male) complaining  of cervical pain that radiated to upper limbs were evaluated. Diagnostic techniques including EMG, NCV, MRI, X-Ray and SSEP were performed for all patients. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS program.  The sensitivity and specificity of SSEP for diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy were calculated to be 28.6% and 100%, respectively. Abnormal EMG and NCV were observed in 50 % and 5.6 % of the patients, respectively. Abnormal X-ray and MRI were observed in 33.3 % and 77.8 % of the patients. There was no significant correlation between the results of the MRI and SSEP (p=0.086).  According to the results of our study, SSEP does not have high diagnostic yield for cervical radiculopathy and EMG can be regarded as a better choice. However, for more advanced conditions (such as spinal cord involvement), the SSEP is of higher value for diagnostic purposes.

24. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1781-1784 (2009)

Association between reproductive period length and risk of ischemic stroke in Iranian female patients

Mousavi, S.A., Chitsaz, A., Khorvash, F.  and Meghdadi, Z.

Department of Neurology, AlZahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Irfan, Iran
Email :fkhorvash@gmail.com

Abstract: Women have lower risk of stroke than men, but after menopause they show an increased risk of atherothrombotic stroke, indicating that sex hormones have a major role in pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Our objective in this study is to  evaluate association between length of reproductive years and ischemic stroke. This was a case-control study that was performed in AlZahra medical center (Isfahan, Iran). Cases were patients with non-embolic stroke and controls included normal women without history of stroke. Overall, 67 patients in each group was selected. Women with hemorrhagic stroke, embolic cardiomyopathy, history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy, none reliable gynecological data, HRT users and non- alert or aphasic patients were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.   The mean age of control group was 65.2 ± 7.1 and the mean age of patients was 65.2 ± 1.2 (P=0.99). The mean age of menarche was 12.8 ± 1.3 in patients and 13.7 ± l.5 in control group. (P=0.001). The mean age of menopause was 46.8 ± 4.3 in patients and 49.4 ± 4 in control group. (P = 0.001). The mean of reproductive years were 34.2 ± 4.4 in patients and 35.9 ± 4.3 in control groups (P = 0.049). Our results showed that ovarian estrogens can protect against non- embolic ischemic stroke. Risk of stroke seems to be higher in those women with shorter estrogenic life and in those with earlier menarche.

25. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1785-1788 (2009)

Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of stroke: A randomized clinical trial

Mousavi, S. A., Zare, M., Khorvash, F.  and Salehi, H. A.

Department of Neurology, AlZahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Irfan, Iran
Email :fkhorvash@gmail.com

Abstract: Citicholine has neuroprotective effects and reduces infarct volume in animal models of stroke. Previous small clinical trials have reported beneficial effect of citicholine on the outcome of stroke in patients. To better clarify the efficacy and safety of citicoline in the patients with ischemic stroke, we  carry out a randomized, single-blind study. Our objective was to evaluate the benefit of the administration of intravenous citicholine given as a neuroprotective and its effect on reduction of morbidity in acute phase of stroke. Patients who had cortical infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory (superior or inferior division) with moderate neurologic deficits (Orgogozo scale score greater than 30 and less than 70) and onset less than 24 hours were included. The patients were treated with citicholine (500 mg bid) for seven days and examined by a blind investigator. NIH stroke scale and orgogozo index were obtained on admission and compared with Barthel index and Rankin score in 90 days after stroke. 20 patients were treated and 20 patients were left untreated as controls.  Significant difference in Barthel index was observed 90 days after stroke between two groups. Intravenous citicholine has significant beneficial effect on acute phase of stroke patients .This compound may be helpful for reduction of morbidity and disability of the stroke patients. Further investigation is recommended to better evaluate the efficacy of this treatment.

26. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 9(1) 1789-1792 (2009)

Effect of Premna obtusifolia R. BR. in the alleviation of carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress

Chitra, M.  Prema, S. and Baskar, R.

Department of Biochemistry, S.T.E.T.W. College, Mannargudi, Tamilnadu, E. Mail: srianuman21@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The ethanolic root extract of Premna obtusifolia (Verbenacae) showed a significant protection against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in albino rats. The degree of protection in the oxidative stress was measured by estimating the biochemical parameters like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione per oxidase, reduced glutathione.  Silymarin was used as standard drug and the results were comparable to that of silymarin.  Carbontetrachloride treated rats with Premna obtusifolia retained almost normal levels of these constituents. A significant antilipid peroxide activity of the ethanolic root extract of Premna obtusifolia was noticed at 300 mg / kg. b.w.