1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5741- 5755 (2016)
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Gamma irradiation-induced spermatozoa anomalies in the ground beetle, Plaps polycresta
Kheirallah, D.A.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
E.mail: Daliakheirallah@yahoo.com,Cell: 002-01221775286
Abstract: Exposure of the gonads to radiation known to lead to sperm abnormalities. The effect of Gamma rays from Cs137 source on the ultrastructure of the sperm of the ground beetle Blaps polycrestawere studied. Two groups of 10 beetles each were irradiated with a dose rate of 32 Gy and 64Gy. Electron microscopic examination of spermatids and sperms of Blaps polycresta in thegroup which were exposed to 32 Gy exhibited many alterations of the general architecture andwere more pronounced in the group exposed to 64 Gy. The results showed that the increase inmorphological aberration of spermatids and sperms induced by gamma radiation were found tobe positively correlated with the dose level. A major finding of this review was the paucity of dataregarding the effects of Gamma radiation on spermiogenesis in adult insects.
Key words: Gamma radiation, Beetles, spermatozoa
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2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5757- 5764 (2016)
Histopathological and biochemical alterations in liver of wistar rats following administration of aqueous extract of Phyllathus niruri
Bandekar, R., Mhatre, R. and Thayil, L.
School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil University, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614 (Maharashtra).
Abstract: Herbal medicines are widely perceived by the public. Most people believe that herbal medicines have no side effects as being natural and they are often considered as food supplements and not as a drugs. Phyllanthus niruri is a plant with numerous medicinal properties often used for the treatment of renal stones, malaria, jaundice in traditional as well as in modern medicine. However, in spite of the extensive use of this herb there is insufficient scientific evidence validating its efficacy and safety. Hence the present study is an attempt to elucidate the hepatotoxicity caused by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri and its commercial formulation. Adult male Wistar rats (150 – 200 gm) were randomly divided in three groups. Group I served as control and received distilled water while the group II was given Phyllathus niruri whole plant extract (1000 mg/kg bw) and group III received Nirocil tablet (commercial formulation of P. niruri) dissolved in distilled water (200 mg/kg bw), orally for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period animals were sacrificed, liver was excised out and processed for histopathological examination. The blood was collected to obtain the serum for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like glucoses, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and some serum marker enzymes like acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Pathological alterations were observed in the histology of liver tissues of P. niruri treated and Nirocil treated groups. Both the treated groups showed significant changes in serum profileas compared to control. The marker enzyme status was also found to be altered in both the treated groups with respect to control. Thus the present study revealed that the aqueous extract of P. niruri and its commercial formulation could cause adverse effect on serum biochemistry and tissue in experimental animals and therefore indiscriminate use of P. niruri as a medicinal plant should be monitored.
Key words: Phyllanthus niruri, Marker enzymes; Hepatotoxicity.
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3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5765-5774 (2016)
Are the effects of steroidogenesis inhibitordrugs (ketoconazoles) reversible or irreversible on adrenal cortex of adult male albino rats? Histological and ultrastructural study
Yassien, R. I.
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Menoufia University. 6 Abdel-Rehim Badawy St. from Dr. Mostsfa El-Naggar St.,Shebin Elkom - 32511, Menoufia, Egypt. E. mail: raniayassien@yahoo.com
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate effect of Ketoconazole (KTZ) on the cortex of adrenal gland of adult male albino rat.KTZ is an antifungal drug used as steroidgenesis inhibitor. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups of fifteen animals in each group. In (groupI), animals were injected with saline, (group II) animals were injected with KTZ with 10mg/100g.b. wt in daily dose for 15 days where (group III) animals were injected with KTZ in the same manner and period then left for recovery for another 15 days. All animals were sacrificed at the end and adrenal glands were separated and processed. Light microscopic studies demonstrated accumulation of variable sized lipid droplets. Ultra structural studies exhibited hypertrophied mitochondria and some of them showed vacuolar degenerations, while others were with destroyed cristae. SER was scanty, sometimes absent. The nuclei were electron dens surrounded by irregular nuclear membrane, showing shrinkage and signs of pyknosis.Lipofuscin pigments were scattered. Recovery group showed improved pictures similar to control group. Therefore, it is noticed that the destructive impacts of ketoconazole on the adrenocortical cells reflected on their functions leading to much deficiency in their performance. But these effects fortunately were reversible.
Key words, Adrenal cortex, Ketoconazole, Rats.
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4.Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5775-5780 (2016)
Comparative ultrastructural studies on pre and post-natal liver of gaddi sheep
Razvi, R., Rajput, R. and Mir, A.H.
Division of Veterinary Anatomy, CSK. Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvvidlaya, Palampur -176061 (H.P).
E. mail: doctorrahika356@gmail.com,
Abstract: An electron-microscopic study of sheep hepatocytes of prenatal to and adult shows changes which reflect an increasing rate of synthetic activity. The granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the prenatal hepatocyte is situated along the periphery of the cytoplasm and in the region immediately surrounding the nucleus. Mitochondria are most abundant in the area adjacent to the nucleus and Golgi complex scattered. The remaining portion of the hepatocyte is occupied with glycogen. The glycogen decreases quickly coincident with a rapid increase in the amount of granular ER and the dispersion of the mitochondria throughout the cell in adult phase. These structural changes are an indication of the increased synthetic activity occurring within the hepatocytes of rapidly developing animals.
Key word: Liver, Gaddi sheep
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5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5781-5786 (2016)
Histological, histochemical and micrometric studies on the embryonic gall bladder of gaddi sheep in
different prenatal age groups
Razvi, R., Rajput, R. and Sharma, R.
Department of VeterinaryAnatomy, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Science, CSK. HP.KV Palampur176061, Himachal Pradesh. E.mail: doctorrahika356@gmail.com,
Abstract: The objective in the present study was to explore the histological, histochemical andmicrometric changes of developing gall bladder during the fetal life of Gaddi sheep. A totalnumber of 40 Gaddi sheep foetii samples were collected irrespective of sex and without any external anomaly or pathology. The age estimation of each foetus was done and accordingly the foetii were grouped as; group-I (1-60days), group-II (61-90days) group-III (91-120days) and group-IV (121 –full term). The gall bladder from each foetii were excised hygienically. Gall bladder appeared at CRL 6.0 cm (46 days of gestationl age).At CRL 11.0 cm (60 days of gestational age) the tunicamucosa, tunica submucosa, tunicamuscularis and tunica serosa layers were clearly distinguishable. The lamina muscularis was absent in prenatal gall bladder in all stages of gestational age. The thickness of tunica muscularis, tunica serosa and luminal diameter of gall
bladder also increased significantly with the advancement of gestational age. The non-ciliatedsimple columnar epithelium cells were covered by the discontinuous to continuous striated borderof microvilli at CRL 24.5 cm (97 days of gestation) which became continuous at CRL 42.5 cm (146 days of gestational age). Strong reaction for proteins was observed in all layers of gall bladder at CRL 32.0 cm (117 days of gestation). Strong PAS positive reaction was observed by tunica mucosa layer of gall bladder while the rest of its layers showed moderate reaction for PAS near full term.The reaction for proteins was mild at early stages development of gall bladder, which becamestrongest at CRL 32.0 (117 days of gestational age) in all layers of gall bladder.
Keywords: Gall bladder, Gaddi sheep
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6. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5787-5792 (2016)
Classification and staging of canine mammary gland tumours
Kishor, T.K., Rao, S., Satyanarayana, M L., Narayanaswamy, H.D., Byregowda, S.M., Nagaraja, B.N., Purushotham, K. M. and Kavya, N.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024.
E. mail: kishvety599@gmail.com
Abstract: The present study was conducted with an objective to classify and stage the canine mammary gland tumors. A total of 40 mammary gland tumour cases were collected and out of which 39 cases (97.5 per cent) were carcinomas and one case (2.5 per cent) was sarcoma. The most frequently represented tumor type was complex carcinoma (40.0%) followed by simple carcinoma (22.5%), solid carcinoma (22.5%), mixed carcinoma (7.5%), anaplastic carcinoma (5.0%) and fibrosarcoma (2.5%). Out of 40 tumors studied, 21 cases (52.5%) were in stage I, 17 cases (42.5%) in stage II and two cases (5.0%) in stage III. Analysis of breed-wise occurrence of mammary neoplasms revealed highest number of tumours in Pomeranian (35.0%) followed by German shepherd (20.0%), Labrador (17.5%), non-descript (12.5%), Cocker spaniel (7.5%), and Dachshund (7.5%). The age group at which mammary tumours occurred most frequently was 8-10 years (33.0%), followed by 10-12 years (25.0%), 6-8 years (20.0%), >12 years (15.0%) and ≤ 6 years (7.0%). Gilbertson and Misdrop method of staging used in this study was less complicated and more comparable with that used in human cancers. The routine use of this method would help the pathologist and clinician to make more accurate diagnosis and treatment in canine mammary gland tumors and facilitate comparative studies of canine and human research.
Key words: Mammary tumour, Canine
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7. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5793-5798 (2016)
Bone marrow cytology of broiler chicken in commonly encountered disease outbreaks
Wani, B.M., Darzi, M.M., Dar, T.A., Shakeel, I., Malik, R.A., Ansari, M.M. and Shah, S.A.
Division of Veterinary Pathology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama Alusteng-190 006
E. mail: dr.basharatwani@gmail.com,
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the bone marrow status in commonly encountered diseases of broiler chicken in Kashmir valley. Overall three types of disease outbreaks were studied which included Infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease and Collibacillosis. Collibacillosis was more prevalent (50%) followed by Infectious Bursal Disease (40%) and Newcastle Disease (10%). The results of bone marrow examination in diseased broilers revealed that there were significant differences in the cellular composition between control and diseased birds. Significant decrease in cells of myeloid series was observed in Infectious bursal disease followed by Newcastle disease and Collibacillosis. However, no changes were noted in cells of erythroid series. The myeloid / erythroid ratio in IBD and ND were 1.18 and 1.20 respectively, compared to Collibacillosis which was higher i.e. 1.24.
Key words: Bone marrow, Infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, Collibacillosis, Chickens
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8. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5799-5810 (2016)
Molecular characterization and typing of Staphylococcus isolated from nostrils of food handlers
Rajagunalan, S., Soni, D., Mishra, A., Jeena, L.M., Singh, D.K., Porteen, K., Gunaseelan, L. and Sekar, M.
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Tirunelveli 627358 (Tamil Nadu). E. mail: drgunavet@gmail.com,
Abstract: The research work was carried out to investigate the nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus spp. among healthy food handlers and to characterize the isolates using molecular methods. A total of 32 nasal swabs were collected food handlers. The collected samples were processed for isolation of Staphylococcus and the isolates were characterized using various PCR based assays targeting 16S rRNA, nucA, femB, mecA and classical enterotoxin genes. The isolates were then subjected to molecular typing by detection of polymorphism in coaA gene and by RAPD analysis using T3 and M13 primers. Results indicated that all the food handlers screened were colonized with Staphylococcus spp. and the S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 25% of which one isolate was found to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Coagulase negative isolate were also found to carry the methicillin resistance gene and genes responsible for classical enterotoxin production. RAPD analysis revealed that multiple strains colonized the nostrils of the food handlers. This research work highlights the imminent risk of contamination of food materials by handlers therefore adoption of proper hygienic practices is important.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage
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9. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5811-5815 (2016)
Epidemiology of Marek’s disease in commercial layer flocks
Jayalakshmi, K. and Selvaraju, G.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu-614 625,
E. mail: jayalkshm22@gmail.com, Cell 09486523730
Abstract: A cross sectional study was carried out to assess the epidemiological measures of disease occurrence and casual association of Marek’s disease (MD) in 12 different commercial layer flocks. Twenty representative blood and feather tip samples were collected from 12 different MD outbreak flocks. All the samples from each flock were pooled together and subjected to PCR using serotype 1 specific primer (BamH1/BamH2) for confirmation of MD. An epidemiological measures of casual association between MD and identified risk factors such as presence of aflatoxin in feed (> 0.02 ppm), inadequate down time (<12 weeks) and vaccination status were assessed by relative risk and odd’s ratio. Marek’s disease virus (MDV) was detected in feather follicle of nine flocks and four flocks in buffy coat of clinically affected birds by PCR. The morbidity and mortality rates were ranged from 2.01 to 9.15 and 1.03 to 7.6%, respectively. The aflatoxin level in the feed (> 0.02 ppm), type of vaccine and administration of booster dose had positive influence on occurrence of MD compared with inadequate down time.
Key words: Marek’s disease, Chickens
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10. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5817-5819 (2016)
Effect of methylergometrine maleate on uterine involution in postpartum cows
Alagar. S., Selvaraju, M., Ezakialnapolean, R. and Doraisamy, K.A.
Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002 (Tamil Nadu).
E. mail: dralagar5489@gmail.com,
Abstract: Eighteen Postpartum Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred cows aged between 2nd and 5th lactations were selected and randomly divided into 2 experimental groups viz., group I and II (control). On day 2 Postpartum group I and II cows were treated with an intramuscular injection of 5 mg methyl ergometrine maleate and 5 ml normal saline, respectively. The cervical involution progressed rapidly and on day 30 postpartum, the cervix reached the pelvic cavity in group I. The cervical involution in control cows was slower than treatment group. In both the groups after day 20 postpartum, ridges on the uterus were not palpable, uterine contour was palpable and uterus was retractable rectally. Ultrasonography of cervix revealed that the cervical diameter was higher on day 30 postpartum in control group when compared to treatment group. On day 2 postpartum, the diameter of the uterine body measured by ultrasonography did not vary among treatment and control groups. In group I (methyl ergometrine maleate), there was a rapid uterine involution from day 2 to 30 postpartum compared with the control group.
Key words: Methylergometrine maleate, Uterine involutionm, Cow
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11. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5821-5824 (2016)
An incidence of malignant cutaneous lymphoma in a boxer dog: A case report
Satheesha S.P., Dhanalakshmi, S., Chandrashekar, G. and Kottadamane, M.R.
Department of TVCC, Veterinary College Shimoga- 577204, Karnataka..E. mail: satish.vet@rediffmail.com,
Abstract: Lymphoma/Lymphosarcoma is one of the common types of cancer in dogs. Lymphoma affects many organs in the body including skin. The present case report discusses an incidence of malignant cutaneous lymphosarcoma in a Boxer dog. A 4 year female boxer dog presented to TVCC hospital Veterinary College Shivamogga with a history of hard swellings all over the body. The detailed clinical examination revealed the animal was very weak and presence of hard swellings all over the body especially on the dorsal side. The size of the tumour masses varying from 2 cms and 6 cms. Excision biopsy of a mass from the shoulder region was collected for histopathology (H&E stain) which revealed a highly cellular tumour composed of monotonous sheet of round to oval cells with thin rim of cytoplasm, enlarged nucleus and coarse chromatin. Few of the cell nucleus displayed cart wheel chromatin, suggestive of lymphosarcoma. Among the available records this is the first case of cutaneous lymphosarcoma in dogs in this region.
Key words: Lymphosarcoma, Cutaneous, Boxer dog, Histopathology
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12. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5825-5828 (2016)
Determination of residual concentration of Doxycycline in chicken meat
Singh, R.P., Sahni, Y.P.,Bharti, S. and Chandra, N.
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, , SVPUAT, Meerut (U.P.).. E. mail: dr.rp0044@gmail.com,
Abstract: In the present study, surveillance was conducted regarding use of antibiotic at poultry farms located in and around district Jabalpur. The data on use of various antibiotic were further shortlisted and found that doxycycline is one of the most commonly used antibiotic and therefore aimed to detect doxycycline residues in chicken meat. Total number of 180 chicken meat samples were analyzed including 36 samples each from five area of Jabalpur. Out of the 180 samples, 23 samples (12 per cent) were detected positive and remains were below detectable limit for residual concentration of doxycycline in chicken meat. Out of the these, 5 samples (21.73 per cent) had doxycycline residue at above levels while 18 samples (78.27 per cent) had residue below the European Union recommended MRLs for doxycycline in chicken muscle, liver and kidney samples. The study was further extended to determine the effect of boiling on residual concentration of doxycycline in chicken meat samples positive for drug residue and found reduced significantly.
Key words: Doxycycline, Chicken meat
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13. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5829-5834 (2016)
Effect of subclinical and clinical mastitis on haemato-biochemical profile and milk leukocyte count in indigenous cows
Sarvesha, K., Satyanarayana, M.L., Narayanaswamy, H.D., Rao, S., Yathiraj, S., Isloor, S., Mukartal, S.Y ., Srikanth, M., Anuradha, M.E. and Kamal, H.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College,Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Bengaluru 560024. E. mail: sarveshkgowda@gmail.com,
Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the effect of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) on biochemical parameters and milk leukocyte count of indigenous cows. Milk and blood samples were collected from 20 healthy, 87 SCM and 20 CM affected animals from Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts of Karnataka state, India. The SCM were diagnosed by California Mastitis Test (CMT) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk. Blood and milk of mastitis infected indigenous cows were analyzed for haemato-biochemical parameters and milk leukocyte count. Haematology revealed significantly (P< 0.05) higher average values of TLC in mastitis infected than healthy animals. Significantly (P< 0.05) lower average values of TEC, Hb and PCV were observed in SCM infected animals, however no significant ((P>0.05) change were observed in values of CM infected than healthy animals. Differential leucocytic count (DLC) revealed higher granulocytes and lymphopenia in mastitis infected animals. Biochemical estimation revealed significantly (P< 0.05) higher average values of Ca, Na and K in mastitis infected compared with healthy animals however, no significant (P> 0.05) change was observed in Mg and ALT levels. AST and TP values were significantly increased in SCM infected compared to healthy animals however, no significant change were observed in CM infected animals. The total milk leukocytes and neutrophils were significantly higher, while lymphocytes and macrophages population were significantly lower in mastitis infected animals. The changes in biochemical parameters and milk leukocyte count are important indicators of the physiological or pathological state (mastitis) of the animal.
Key words: Mastitis, Lymphocytes, Cow
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14. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5835-5837 (2016)
Toxicological profile of Ivermectin drug in rats
Sakthikarthikeyan, S., Ahmad, A.H., Bisht, K. and Kannan, K.
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture
and Technology College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract: The present study was conducted on Wistar rats to observe the potential of ivermectin (Ivermic super®, 1 % w/v) toxicity, which is widely used drug against nematodes and other parasites.Rats were devided to 4 groups and single subcutaneous dose of ivermectin was administration to group I (0.25 mg/kg b.w), group II (1 mg/kg b.w), group III (2.5 mg/kg b.w), and group IV (5 mg/kg b.w). A control group was kept for comparison with treatment group. No mortality was observed in any group. The rats of group IV showed tremors, ataxia and marked depression in movement. No significant changes in the Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC of test groups I, II, and III could be observed as compared to control group. There was significant (P<0.01) decrease in Hb (11.95±0.07) and PCV (38.1± 0.03) value of group IV as compared to control group. No significant changes in the protein profile (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin and Albumin: Globulin) of test groups could be observed as compared to control. Glucose value in rats of group IV (139.76 ± 6.8) showed significant (P<0.01) increase as compared to control group. The values of Creatinine in rats of group III (1.13 ± 0.22) and group IV (1.50 ± 0.02) showed significant increase (P<0.01) as compared to control group. No changes were observed in urea of test groups as compared to control group. The values of SGOT (76.8±1.11) and SGPT (35.78 ± 0.70) in rats of group IV showed significant increase (P<0.01). No important gross lesion was observed in viscera or the internal organs of the rats in all the five groups. Study shows that low doses are not harmful.
Key words: Ivermectin, Toxicological profile
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15. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5839-5842 (2016)
Idiopathic immune mediated hemolytic anemia in a dog: A case study
Yogeshpriya, S. and Pillai, U.N.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Orathanadu 614625 (Tamilnadu). E. mail: dryogeshpriya@gmail.com,
Abstract: A five year old male spitz weighing 15kg was brought with a complaint of blood mixed urine and emesis since 2 days. Detailed clinical examination was conducted and samples were collected. Faecal sample did not reveal ova of any parasite. Wet film and blood smear examinations were negative. Hematology revealed decrease in RBC count (2.9 millions/cumm), hemoglobin (5.3g/dl), VPRC (16%) and platelet count (1, 30,000/cumm) and increased WBC count (46,600/cumm). Serum biochemistry showed hyperproteinemia and increased serum urea and creatinine values. Ultrasonagraphy was performed and revealed congestion of liver and loss of architecture of kidneys. The animal died during the treatment and was subjected to the detailed postmortem examination. Heart blood examination revealed erythro-phagocytosis, suggestive of immune mediated hemolytic anemia. On histopathological examination of kidney, the tubular epithelium showed degenerative and necrotic changes. The results are analyzed and discussed
Key words: Immune mediated hemolytic anemia, Erythrophagocytosis, Dog
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16. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5843-5849 (2016)
Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of urinary bladder diseases in dog
Rajkumar, K. and Ansar Kamran, C.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangaluru 560024
(Karnataka). E. mail: rajvet10@gmail.com
Abstract: The ultrasonographic changes recorded in urinary bladder diseases recognize a high degree of specificity in accordance with the type and degree of the medical condition. Dogs with clinical signs of pollakiuria, dysuria-stranguria, hematuria, urinary incontinence, and polydipsia and polyuria were selected for investigation. In the present study twenty-two dogs were selected having urinary bladder diseases. Bladder wall thickness more than 3 mm were diagnosed as cystitis in a fully distended bladder. In non-distended bladder, subjective evaluation of the wall thickness was made according to the amount of distension. In the present study majority of the cases showed bladder wall thickness more than 4 mm. Cytological examination was performed in cystitis cases and neoplasm was ruled out. Transitional cell carcinoma was diagnosed in five dogs with hematuria, pollakiuria, and dysuria and was reported only in older dogs. Ultrasonographic findings in transitional cell carcinoma were irregular bladder wall mass with a broad-based attachment projecting into the urinary bladder lumen. It is concluded that ultrasonography is often recommended as the first diagnostic imaging modality in patients with hematuria or dysuria.
Key words: Ultrasonography, Urinary bladder, Dog
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17. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5851-5855 (2016)
Physiological and biochemical effects in cross-bred (Holstein friesian x jersey) cattle under the agro-climatic condition of Assam
Chetia, M., Sarma, S., Tamuly, S., Goswami, J., Mili, D.C. and Das, P.K.
College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati 781022 (Assam).
E. mail: mchetia10@gmail.com,
Abstract: The present experiment was conducted in order to establish a base line physiological values and biochemical concentrations in cross-bred (HF X J) cattle in different seasons (winter and summer) under the agro-climatic condition of Assam. The mean rectal temperature (oF), respiration and pulse rate (per minute) were higher during summer compared to winter seasons. Also, all the physiological parameters were higher in the evening hours than those of the morning hours. The serum total protein concentration, serum glucose along with the serum electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Cl- were found to be decreased in the summer season and were significantly higher (P<0.01) in winter as compared to summer season. The increase in the physiological parameters and the decrease in the biochemical concentrations might be due to the adaptation and acclimation of the animals to the changing environmental condition.
Key words: Cross-Bred (Holstein Friesian X Jersey), Seasonal changes
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18. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(2): 5857-5861 (2016)
Preliminary investigation of hemoglobin and transf-errin polymorphisms in indigenous goat breed (Salem black) of Tamil nadu
Preedaa, M.G.,Selvaraj, P., Ramavathi, J., Yazhini, P. and Thanabal, C.
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal 637 002, Tamil Nadu).
E. Mail: preprand@gmail.com,
Abstract: The present investigation has been undertaken to study the Hemoglobin and Transferrin polymorphisms in indigenous goat breed Salem Black of Tamil Nadu. A total of fifty blood samples from the adult male and female local breed of Salem Black goats were collected, among which 40 samples from Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Salem and 10 samples from Institutional Livestock Farming Complex, VC&RI, Namakkal were collected. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used for visualizing hemoglobin and transferrin bands. Gene frequency was calculated using general formula of population genetics. Two variants of haemoglobin namely HbA and HbB and two allele of transferrin, namely TfA and TfB were observed.
Key words: Salem Black, Hemoglobin, Transferrin, Gene frequency
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19. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5863-5868 (2016)
Effect of alpha-tocopherol on hemato-biochemical profiles of broilers in deltamethrin induced toxicity
Chandra, N.,Jain, N.K. and Singh, R.P.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P).E. mail: drncvet@gmail.com
Abstract: Deltamethrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide mainly used to protect crops, fruit and vegetables from mites, ants, weevils, beetle etc. Thus deltamethrin contaminated food of commercial oultry diet may cause toxic effects in broilers and indirect adverse effects on human through food chain. Therefore, hematological and biochemical alterations in White Leghorn birds due to deltamethrin induced toxicity along with protective effect of alphatocopherol were evaluated. A dose dependent decrease in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and increase in serum ALT and AST levels were noticed in deltamethrin exposed birds after 42 days in comparison to control. Reduction in ALT and AST levels with alpha-tocopherol were observed, however serum level of total protein, creatinine and BUN remained unaltered. Exposure of birds to deltamethrin at 100 to 150 mgkg-1 was found capable of inducing hematological and biochemical alterations which could be effectively ameliorated by alpha tocopherol at 300 mg kg-1.
Key words: Alpha-tocopherol, Deltamethrin, broilers chicks
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20. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5869-5873 (2016)
Protective effect of vitamin C on sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in kidney of male Wistar rats
Singh, R., Srivastava, A.K., Gangwar, N.K. and Singh, U.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU, Mathura 281001 (U.P). E. mail: renusngh756@gmail.com,
Abstract: Fluorosis is a serious health problem in many part of the world including India. The present study was undertaken to investigate the propensity of protective effect of vitamin E on Sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in rats. For this purpose, a total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I used as control and groups II, III and IV were orally treated with sodium fluoride (8 mg/kg body weight), vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight) and sodium fluoride plus Vitamin E, respectively for 45 days. Results obtained showed that mean values of SOD, GSH and catalase revealed significant decrease while there was significant increase in the mean values of LPO in kidney homogenate in sodium fluoride administration. Serum biochemical marker representing renal injury including creatinine, urea and uric acid in serum were significantly increased due to sodium fluoride administration. On the other hand, treatment with vitamin E alleviated the harmful effect of sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage and serum biochemical parameters in the rats of combination group (sodium fluoride plus vitamin E). In conclusion, supplementation of Vitamin E could diminish the sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in male wistar rats’ kidney.
Key words: Sodium fluoride, Vitamin E, Rat kidney
21. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5875-5879 (2016)
Identification and characterization of gut antigenic protein of Ascaris suum
Rudrappa, S.M., Kushwah, A. and Banerjee, A.
Abstract: Ascarissuum is the most prevalent parasite in domestic swine, severely limiting the animal productivity throughout the world. However, anthelmintic resistance in nematodes population has focused attention on the prospect of developing effective anti-nematode vaccine. The present study was therefore, envisaged to focus on identifying and characterizing some specific antigenic proteins of A. suum responsible for protection. In perspectives, adult worms were procured from naturally infected pigs slaughtered at local abattoirs. After washed with 0.15M physiological saline, gut of the worms was dissected out, homogenized and the extract was prepared. Protein in all the processed extracts was fractionated separately by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and observed spectrophotometrically at 280nm. The presence of antigenic protein in elutes was identified by DID assay upon testing against hyper-immune sera, raised in rabbits. Upon SDS-PAGE, the dialyzed antigenic proteins of gut were resolved into 66 and 120 kDa. While immunoblotting analysis indicated that gut antigenic protein of 66kDa was identified to be the most immuno-dominant and therefore, can be explored for immuno-prophylactic purpose.
Key words: Ascarissuum, Gut antigenic protein
22. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5881-5887 (2016)
Innate immune gene expression following CPG induction in sea bass (Lates calcarifer.
bloch, 1790) cell line
Ajidhaslin, S., Riji John, K., Rosalind George, M., Magesh Kumar, P. and Mohamed Mansoor, M.
Fish Virology Unit, Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and
Research Institute, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Thoothukudi (Tamil Nadu).
E. mail: ajidhaslin09@gmail.com
Abstract: Asian sea bass has been promoted as an alternative species for marine aquaculture and cell lines have been already established from this species for virus isolation and gene expression studies. In the present study, we have investigated the presence and the modulation of some immune genes in the SBCP-2 (Sea bass caudal peduncle) cells from Asian sea bass (Latescalcarifer). The basal expression of the selected genes (Type I interferon (IFN), ISGs such as Mx, ISG-15 and IRF-3) have been investigated and successively, their modulation have been studied both after stimulation with different inducing agents such as LCNNV and CpG stimulation. The results showed that the ISGs such as ISG-15, IRF-3 and Mx constitutively expressed by the SBCP-2 cell line, are up-regulated by the stimulation with CpG. Thus, the selected genes are expressed in the SBCP-2 cell line, after infection with NNV and treatments with CpG, led to an high up-regulation of IFN and ISGs. However, all the genes were up-regulated by infection with the nodavirus. Pre-treatment of the sea bass cells with PRR ligands like CpG led to a high up-regulation of IFN and ISGs upon infection with LCNNV. The results showed that on nodaviral infection in SBCP2 cells, all the targeted genes were up-regulated showing the highest expression for ISG-15 gene. The current study revealed that the innate immunity in Asian sea bass could be enhanced by application of PRR ligands like CpG ODN, which has high application potential for improving the health status of the fish both by non-specific immunostimulation and also by increasing vaccination efficiency as adjuvants.
Key words: Immune genes,Latescalcarifer, Cell line
23. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5889-5892 (2016)
Analysis of cotton genotypes for quality appraisal of seeds
Vekariya, V.K., Faldu, G.O., Patel, C.K. and Solanki, B.G.
Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agriculture University, Surat (Gujarat)
Abstract: India is the second highest cotton producer after china in the world. Cotton has economic value as fiber and seed oil. Day by day consumption of Cotton seed oil is increasing in India and it was 13 lakh MT in 2014. In view of this, the present study was conducted to assess the biochemical parameters viz. seed oil content, Gossypol content and total protein from cotton seed of 38 genotypes at Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat in 2014-15. The result revealed that significant variations amongst the genotypes were observed for seed oil content, gossypol content and total protein content. Significantly higher oil content was observed in GTHV 13/37 (17.7%) followed by F-2493 (17.6%), SCS-1207 (17.5%), PBH-13 (17.5%). Gossypol content ranges from 3.52 to 4.62 mg/g in different entries. Lowest gossypol content was observed in GSHV-179 (3.52 mg/g) followed by ARBH-1402 (3.63 mg/g) and CPD-1402 (3.79 mg/g). Highest protein content was observed in Suraj (29.3%) which was followed by CSH-3232 (28.6%) and RS-2767 (28.1%). Thus, GTHV-13/37, GSHV-179 and Suraj may further exploited for oil content, gossypol content and total protein content respectively.
Key word: Cotton genotypes, Seed oil, Protein, Gossypol
24. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5893-5897 (2016)
Effect of media compositions on the callus regeneration efficiency of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties IR 28 and IR 66
Solanki, R.U. and Kathiria, K B.
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110 (Gujarat).
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to observe the effect of varying media compositions of N6 and MS media on callus induction frequency of indica varieties IR 28 and IR 66. It was found that N6 media had decisive effect on callus initiation and further callus regeneration induced from the inoculated anthers. Media composition containing 2 mgl-12,4-D along with 1 mgl-1 NAA and 0.5 mgl-1KN was found to be influential and enhancing the callus initiation response and further growth of regenerated callus which was comparatively higher in case of IR 28 (1.50%) than in IR 66 (1.18%). MS medium fortified with similar sets of growth regulator concentrations could not proliferate callus from the cultured anthers of both the varieties IR 28 and IR 66.
Key words: Anther culture, Callus induction, Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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25. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5899-5904 (2016)
Optimization of media and cultural conditions for androgenesis in two Indica rice crosses to regeneration doubled haploid plants
Minj, A.K., Sahu, M., Chopkar, R., Jha, Z., and Verulkar, S.B.
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IGKV, Raipur, 492012 (Chhattisgarh).
E. mail: zenujha@gmail.com
Abstract: Anther culture based double haploid (DH) production is a technology which can significantly reduce the time period required for development of new crop variety. In the present investigation an attempt was made to develop DH using anther culture (androgenesis) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crosses Safri-17x PB- 3 and Safri 17 X RYT 3275 was subject for the study. Parameter like media composition, hormonal treatment etc. was standardized for efficient development of DH. The anther were excised and plated on to N6 media supplemented with 3% maltose 0.8% agar , 2 ml/l 2,4-D and the pH was maintained of 5.8. In cross Safri-17x PB 3 the callus induction percent was 2.34% and in variety Safri 17 X RYT3275 callus induction percent is 1.17%. The induce callus was transfer in 16 different media (T1 to T16) for regeneration. Then green callus was transfer to green plant regeneration media. Treatment No. T10 was found to be best as it has produce 8 number of green plant cross Safri-17x PB 3. In Safri 17 X RYT3275, T13 has generated 3 green plants and 3 albino plants.
Key words: Indica rice, Androgenesis
26. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5905-5666 (2016)
In vitro seed germination and seedling growth for salt tolerance in rice cultivars
Kumari, R., Kumar, P., Sharma, V.K., and Kumar, H.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Humanities Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) 848125 (Bihar).
Abstract: Six selected cultivars of rice namely BPT-5204, MTU-7029, CSR-30, Narendra Usar Dhan-3, Rajendra Bhagwati and Pusa Basmati-1 were screened for salinity tolerance on the basis of in vitro seed germination and seedling growth under different salt stress (0-2.5%) created by a salt mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 in 7:2:1 ratio. At 2% salt stress, germination was only observed in cultivars CSR-30 and Narendra Usar Dhan-3, while at 2.5 % no seed germination was observed. The frequency of seed germination gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of salt stress. As observed with seed germination, seedling growth was also adversely affected with the increase of salt concentrations. The shoot growth was more affected than the root growth. The salt tolerance index (STI) of the rice cultivars was calculated on the basis of seed germination, seedling shoot and root dry weights at different levels of salt stress. Cultivars CSR-30 and Narendra Usar Dhan-3 were found to be salt tolerant, cvs. MTU-7029 and BPT-5204 moderately salt tolerant and cvs. Rajendra Bhawati and Pusa Basmati-1 as salt susceptible respectively on the basis of STI. Thus in vitro study can be used for evaluation of salinity tolerance of rice cultivars.
Key words: Seed germination, Seedling growth, Salinity, Rice
27. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5667-5666 (2016)
Comparative performance and genetic polymorphism in some potential silkworm Bombyx mori L. genotypes
Buhroo, Z.I., Malik, M.A., Ganai, N.A., Kamili, A.S. and Bhat, B.A.
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute,Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025 (J &K). E. mail: zafar.buhroo1985@gmail.com
Abstract: The study was undertaken to evaluate twelve potential bivoltine silkworm Bombyx mori L. genotypes viz., SKAU-R-1, SKAU-R-6, SKUAST-28, SKUAST-31, CSR2, CSR4, CSR18, CSR19, NB4D2, SH6, DUN6 and DUN22 for their performance during spring and summer seasons of 2012 and 2013. The data generated in respect of different traits was pooled separately and analyzed statistically. During spring, significantly higher estimates for larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and filament length was registered by SKAU-R-1. However, during summer significantly higher estimates for larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and filament length was recorded for SKAU-R-6. The results of the study revealed that SKUAR-1 and SKUAR-6, performed significantly higher for all the traits under study in both spring and summer seasons. The study also revealed that irrespective of genotypes the values for these traits were marginally higher in spring than summer season. Based on the extent of DNA polymorphism, RAPD markers were effective in assessing the genetic variability within genotypes of silkworm Bombyx mori, given the large number of markers identified and the higher polymorphism of 88.88% found with mean PIC value of 0.322 per loci were sufficient to discriminate between all genotypes. The study has demonstrated that 117 markers obtained with RAPD molecular marker technique suggest that this population has a wide genetic base suitable for rational utilization in designing the breeding programs to boost up bivoltine silk production in the temperatesericulture industry.
Key words: Genotype, Silkworm, Genetic divergence
28. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5667-5666 (2016)
An efficient protocol for silkmoth DNA extraction suitable for genomic fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis
Buhroo, Z. I.,Ganai, N. and Malik, M.A.
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India-190025.E. mail: zafar.buhroo1985@gmail.com
Abstract: In the present study, fresh Silkmoths were used for DNA extraction. The wings, legs and antennae of moths were cut with sterile scissors, crushed under liquid nitrogen to fine powdered content which yielded high resolution DNA bands using modified phenol chloroform extraction method. The genomic DNA from twelve different silkmoth strains was further checked for its suitability in DNA fingerprinting and diversity analysis using seven Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. RAPD profile obtained from the genomic DNA with twelve silkworm strains revealed high degree of polymorphism. The Silkmoth strains were analyzed using 8 random primers which gave 104 alleles of which 88 were polymorphic generating 79.86 % Polymorphism. Cluster analysis based on Nei’s similarity coefficients resulted in the formation of three main clusters on the dendrogram. Cluster-I included three stains viz., SK-6, SK-31 and SK-28 with SK-6 and SK-31 under sub-cluster while as CSR4, SH6, CSR18, CSR19 and NB4D2 grouped together in cluster-II with CSR4 and SH6 in sub-cluster. CSR2 and DUN22 were grouped together in Cluster-III of the dendrogram. However, SK-1 and DUN6 formed separate clusters. Similarity coefficients ranged from 0.0054 to 0.3579 with an average similarity coefficient of 0.18165, indicating considerable genetic diversity within bivoltine silkworm groups. Of the pair wise combinations, DUN6 and SKUAR-1, showed the lowest similarity (0.0054) thus highest genetic distance among the strains. Isolated genomic DNA from Silkmoths was found suitable for DNA finger printing studies and identifying diverse genotypes for taking up directional breeding programs to push up bivoltine silk production.
Key words:Silkmoth DNA, Fingerprinting, Genetic diversity
29. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 16(3): 5667-5666 (2016)
Harsh impact of the temperature on proteomic profile in the silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Bhat, M.A., Buhroo, Z.I. and Manjunatha, H.B.
Proteomics and Genomics Laboratory, DOS in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri,
Mysuru 570006 (Karnataka). E. mail: mbhat.muzafar@gmail.com
Abstract: The present study investigates the proteomic profile in the bi- (NB4D2) and poly- (Daizo) voltine silkworm strains of Bombyx mori L. Following the concept of whole organism, silkworm larvae were subjected to thermal stress at 40<”C for 2h followed by 2h recovery from first to fifth instar. Heat shock proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and it was found that the appearance of 97 and 70kda protein were assessed in all instars in all silkworm strains. Organism responses to thermal stress can be detected at the proteomic level where the specific proteins are linked to the physiological changes. These results propose that heat shock protein based breeding strategy should be used for inducing robustness in silkworm strains. Heat shock proteins act as molecular markers for evaluation and evolution of thermo tolerant silkworm strains.
Key words: Bombyx mori, Temperature effect
