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1. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6613-6626 (2019)
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Nanotechnological approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment: A review
Gupta, P.D.
Former Director grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad. India
E. mail: pdg2000@hotmail.com, Cell:+ 918072891356
Abstract: Cancer is not a new era disease; the earliest evidence of human breast cancer hails from ancient Egypt in 1500 B.C. Nevertheless, some scientists are of the opinion that cancer is a life style disease and it is manmade. Cancer-causing factors exist only in modern, industrialized societies—and cancer is fuelled by the excesses of modern life. The causes of cancer may still be obscure or may have multiple origins. The “life style” hypothesis cannot hold worthy in childhood cancers. While others are for its genetic origin, a few favours its epigenetic origin. Cancer genes were isolated and identified, for example, BRCA1 and BRCA2 were associate with breast cancer, nevertheless, many epidemiological studies pointing towards the longer exposed of white light is the main cause for the prevalence of breast cancer. Recently developed Nanotechnology in cancer management have made dent in diagnosis and treatment of all sort of cancers.
Key words: Cancer, Diagnosis, Treatment, Nanotechnology
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2. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6627-6633 (2019)
Challenges and evolution in cancer treatment strategies with emphasis on application of neu-
traceuticals in cancer therapy: A review
Shah, V.,Baksi,R., Sharma, V., Borse, S. and Nivsarkar, M.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Centre, Ahmedabad. 380054. E. mail: viral@perdcentre.com,
Abstract: Worldwide cancer is considered to be one amongst the leading cause of despondency and mortality. Currently, the linchpins of cancer treatment are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Although each of the mentioned treatment strategies has its own benefits, none of them is ideal because the quality of life and well being of patients is compromised with all these strategies. There is growing interest in using specific nutraceuticals commonly found in foods as chemo-preventative agents. Several research reports states that the ingestion of these nutraceuticals may inhibit certain types of cancers. Neutraceuticals have the potential to impact cellular and molecular processes underlying tumor progression. Nutraceuticals, mostly phytochemicals derived from dietary or medicinal plants exhibits chemopreventive activities. Chemoprevention is the use of small dietary or herbal molecules to prevent cancer, as opposed to chemotherapeutics, where mostly synthetic molecules, are used in cancer treatment. Despite of their potential, a considerable amount of research is still needed to demonstrate the efficacy of nutraceuticals, and the ability of delivery or excipient systems to enhance their bio-fficacy. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge underpinning the use of nutraceuticals in cancer prevention and therapy. The present review gives a brief insight on different aspects of cancer by elucidating its types, causative factors, associated symptoms, diagnostic techniques, current treatment strategies and their limitations. The review emphasize on the application of varied neutraceuticals for cancer therapy along with the delivery systems that may be designed to boost the bioavailability of neutraceuticals.
Key words: Cancer, Chemo-preventative Agents
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3. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6635-6643 (2019)
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation: A critical review
Chittora, R. and Bhatnagar, M.
Dept of Zoology, University College of Science, M.L.S.University, Udaipur-313001, India.
E. mail: m.maheep@gmail.com
Abstract : Sleep deprivation is commonplace in modern society. Its effects on cognitive performance immense. Insufficient sleep leads to slowing of response and increased inconsistency in task performance, including perception, memory and executive functions. Sleep deprivation affects nearly all cognitive capacities in general due to less alertness and attention. Neuroimaging has shown that prefrontal cortex may be particularly susceptible to sleep loss. Recent evidences suggests that some of the higher level cognitive capacities degrade despite the sleep. The extent to which sleep deprivation affects a cognitive process depends on several factors. In present review, anatomy and physiology of the effects of sleep deprivation and adult neurogenesis on cognitive behavior are discussed
Key words: Sleep deprivation, Neurogenesis
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4. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6645-6652 (2019)
Ultrastructrual changed in myline vis-à-vis fluctuation of myelin marker enzyme, 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphohydrolase
Cherian, B., Sood, P. P., Vijayalakshmi, K. Chundawat, R.S. And Tyagi, S.
PDS-AD Lab., PATHEON-part of Themo Fischer Scientific, 111 Consumer Dr., Whitby,
ON. CANADA LIN 525. E. mail: ppsood@yahoo.com,
Abstract: Along with myelin degeneration, myelin marker enzyme, 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphohydrolase (CNPase), has been found tobe inhibited in the central nervous system of the mice intoxicated with methyl mercury. However, during B vitamin and glutathione therapies (either alone orin combination), a significant recovery of enzyme is accomplished with myelin regeneration in all parts of brain. Four groups of young healthy mice were intoxicated with a daily dose (1mg/Kg) of methyl mercury by intramuscular injections for 7 days. One group was kept without intoxication for another 7 days and sacrificed on 15th day. Rest of the groups were given vitamin B complex or glutathione or their combination for next 7 days and sacrificed along with control. The brain and spinal cord of these animals were studied by electron microscopic and biochemical parameters. It appears that mercury deposition in CNS inhibits the enzyme CNPase, leading to myelin degeneration and during therapy when metal burden is reduced there isa quick recovery in both the parameters.
Key words: CNPase, Myelin, GSH, B vitamins
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5. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6653-6658 (2019)
Application of RNA interference in livestock health: A review
Rudrappa, S.M., Girish Kumar, V., Nandi, S. and Patnaik, S.R.
Department of Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College, Gokula Campus, Hassan-573201 (Karnataka).
E. mail: ruder_bio@yahoo.co.in,
Abstract: RNAi has emerged as one of the most interesting and important mechanism for sequence-specific downregulation of gene expression that is said to be caused by RNA molecules that are referred to as small interference RNA (siRNA). The existence of these molecules in a living system was put forth by plant virologist. Andrew Fire and Craig Mello described this new technology in Caenorhabditis elegans and named the mechasnism as RNA interference (RNAi). The helicase activity of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is central to the RNAi pathways. Therefore, RNAi mechanism for the specific gene silencing play an important role in the number of impossible genetic analyses. Similarly, a proper design and delivery of these small interfering RNAs and their precursor into the host, where selectively shut off the novel genes involved in the disease processes. This makes RNA interference (RNAi) as potential therapeutic agents which sparked worldwide research efforts. Therefore, RNAi has opened new avenues in the fields of virology, cancer research, genetic disorders, drug designing and others.
Key words: RNA interference, Livestock health
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6. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6659-6667 (2019)
Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation studies in economically important crop brinjal:
A review
Bardhan, S. K., Sharma, C.and Srivastava, D.K.
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology
Waknaghat, Solan (HP). E. mail: soniyabt17@gmail.com
Abstract: Brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an agronomically important non-tuberous crop affected by environmental stresses both biotic and abiotic, which is drastically affect the capacity of crops plants to produce their maximum yield. Genetic engineering provides a solution by the introduction of desirable genes through direct gene transfer and indirect gene transfer techniques and increasing productivity by enhancing efficiencies in metabolic and photosynthetic pathways. In the present review, we describe the integration and expression of various abiotic and biotic stress tolerant genes in brinjal through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation and description of the important transgenic studies that have been carried out.
Key words: Brinjal, Genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-
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7. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6669-6678 (2019)
Screening for lignocellulose degrading enzymes in terrestrial Basidiomycetes
Vyas, B.R.M., Šašek, V., and Molitoris, H.P.
Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 001, India. E. mail: brmvyas@hotmail.com
Abstract: The ability of fifteen white-rot and six litter-decomposing basidiomycetes to produce cellulase, xylanase, amylase, chitinase, pectinase, laminarinase, b-glucosidase, lipase, proteinase, urease, nitrate reductase, laccase, tyrosinase, peroxidase and Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR)-decolourizing enzymatic activity on agar media was investigated. These fungi secreted cellulase, xylanase, and amylase activities. White-rot basidiomycetes decolourized RBBR bound to either cellulose or xylan, or both. The litter decomposers produced laccase, peroxidase and RBBR-decolourizing activity which are extracellular enzymes typically produced by white-rot fungi; Psilocybe cubensis decolourized RBBR strongly and rapidly. Tyrosinase was also produced by some litter-decomposers and white-rot basidiomycetes.
Key words: Lignocellulose, Terrestrial basidiomycetes, Lignin degradation
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8. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 19(1) 6679-6686 (2019)
Fine structure of sertoli cell in indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus giganteus (Brunnich) during sexually active and inactive stages
Deshmukh, G.D., Gadegone, M.M. and Dhamani, A.A.
RMG College, Nagbhid, 441205 , Maharashtra. E. mail: gdnagbhir72@gmail.com,
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to reveal ultrastucture of Sertoli cell of non-hiberbating bat, Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus giganteus collected from Bramhapuri forest range, 20º21’52.45"N and 79 º53’37.33"E (Maharashtra, India). Ultrastructure of Sertoli cell during sexually inactive period shows hypotrophy of cell organelles with exception to presence of larger quantity of secondary lysosomes, lipid droplets and presence of rudimentary Sertoli cell barrier. Morphology of Sertoli cell during the sexually active stage of Pteropus giganteus giganteus reveals variations in cell organelle content of basal, stalk and apical region. Prominance of RER in basal region indicates vigourus protein synthesis while presence of anastomizing network of Golgi complex and vesicular mixed profile of endoplasic reticulum in stalk region indicative of processing of proteins and its secretion which can be correlated with maximum nutritional need of spermatogenic cells provided by the cytoplasmic processes of Sertoli cell. Specialized junctional complexes between Sertoli and spermatogenic cell are ectoplasmic specializations. blood-testis barrier form as basal ectoplasmic specialization of Sertoli while tubulobulbar complex observed during present study have significant role in the progression and maturation of spermatogenic cell.
Key words: Sertoli cell, Indian flying fox
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