1. Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research  20(1) 6833-6837 (2020)

 Age related histological and histochemical studies on the crop of chickens

 Mehra, A. and Kumar, P.

Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004 (Haryana). E. mail: drashumehra@gmail.com,

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the histology and histochemistry of crop of birds at different age groups. The study was conducted on 30 broiler chickens of one week to 42 days age. The tissues were collected after post-mortem examination at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age.  The crop was lined by stratified squamous keratinized to partly non-keratinized epithelium. The lamina propria mucosae have loose irregular connective tissue and comprised of few collagen, reticular and elastic fibers and fine blood capillaries. The crop was devoid of mucous glands. The PAS reaction was generally absent in all the tunics except a very weak positive reaction was observed in the blood capillaries and blood vessels. Similarly no reaction was observed for presence of cysteine. The lamina muscularis mucosae drastically reduced in thickness as compared to cervical oesophagus and interrupted in nature. The tunica sub-mucosa has less amount of loose irregular connective tissue however at few places a wider tunica sub-mucosa was also observed. The tunica muscularis was comprised of an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. The inner circular layer was thicker and almost double in thickness than that of outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscles. Sub-mucosal and myenteric plexuses were also observed. The outer most tunica adventitia was observed, having loose irregular connective tissue and fatty tissue along with a few small sized blood vessels and nerve bundles.

Key words: Broiler chickens, Crop, Histology, Histochemistry,.

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2.  Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6839-6846 (2020)

 Anti ulcer activity of Indian medicinal plants: A  review

 Vimal, S.K. and Bhatnagar, M.

Professor and Head,  Department of Zoology, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001 (Retired).
E. mail: mbhatnagar@yahoo.com, Cell: 09414165750,

Abstract: The term Peptic ulcers includes ulcers of digestive tract particularly stomach or duodenum. The incidence of peptic ulcer depends on secretion of acid and peptic activity besides break down of mucosal lining in these areas. A large number of treatment therapies are available using synthetic drugs,  antiacids, anticholinergics, proton pump inhibitors  and H2 receptor antagonists, but most of these drugs have side effects like development of intolerance, erectile dysfunctions in  male, cardiac arrhythmia and also hematological disorders after long term use. Looking to such side effects possible alternative treatment could be using  natural products obtained from plants as they  not only show efficacy in treatment but are also less expensive and effective with negligible side effects. In this review we are dealing with various plants species which could be a source of alternative therapy for peptic ulcer.

Key words: Antioxidants, Herbal drugs, Ulcer,
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3.  Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6847-6852 (2020)

Cancer management through epigenetics

Gupta, P. D. and Pushkala, K.

 Former Director Grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
 E. mail:pdg2000@hotmail.com,

 Abstract: Several lifestyle factors such as, diet, obesity, physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants, psychological stress, working on night shifts and blindness modify epigenetic patterns. These modifications may be the cause of cancers of the system involved. Effective cancer management can be evolved by regulating these factors in daily life. Mechanism of action of these factors are complicated, however as we understand more about them, we can evolve better control for the diseases caused by avoiding or adopting them.

Key words: Cancer, Epigenetics
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4. Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6853-6860 (2020

Development of immune system from new born to adult: A new insight

Gupta, P.D. and Tyagi, S.

Former Director Grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad. E. mail: pdg2000@hotmail.com,

Abstract: Certain antibodies can pass through placenta and therefore the new born baby carries some immunoglobulins at the time of birth to protect from worldly pathogens, this natural passive immunisation does not long last and new born has to develop immune system of its own. The fully grown immune system loses its capacity in old age. The immune system modify according to the needs of the body’s physiology and pathology. For example during pregnancy, auto immune diseases and cancer the system is not normal.

 Key words: Immune system

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5.  Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6861-6867 (2020)

 Effect of soil amendments on biochemical and micronutrient status of mulberry (Morus alba l.) under alkali soils

  Sathyanarayana, K. and Sangannavar, P. A.

 Central Silk Board, Govt. of India, BTM Layout, Bengaluru-560 068, Karnataka, India  E. mail: skutala@yahoo.com

Abstract: Biochemical analysis of mulberry leaves for total proteins, total carbohydrates, minerals, reducing sugars and micro-nutrients viz., iron, zinc & copper, were carried out in reclaimed alkali soil with inorganic and organic amendments of south India. The results showed that soil properties and nutritional status were improved with decrease in soil pH, Ec, ESP, SAR. Maximum improvement was noticed in soil reclaimed with oraganic amendment (pressmud). Performance of the mulberry genotypes under reclaimed as well as unreclaimed soil conditions indicated that biochemical parameters, and micronutrient status of leaves are found to be dependent on both reclamation treatment and the mulberry genotypes. Though significant variation among mulberry genotypes with respect to biochemical parameters and micronutreint were observed in the same reclamation treatments, yet the effect of different reclamation treatments was evident by average increased gain in the reclamation treatment with organic amendment and reclamation treatment with inorganic amendment. From the present study, it is clear that the overall performance of the mulberry genotypes with respect to all the parameters improved significantly, when organic amendment, pressmud was considered. Out of the test genotypes and checks employed in the present study, it was observed that response of the genotype, AR-12 was superior with respect to all the traits in alkali soil. The study indicated the suitability of AR-12 in alkali soils and its superiority is further boosted up when the soil is reclaimed with pressmud.

 Key words: Mulberry (Morus alba), Alkali soil, Nutritional status

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6.  Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6869-6882 (2020)

 Fluoride toxicity myth or fact?: A review

Mishra, R., Jain, S., Bhatnagar, M. and Shukla, S.D.

Department of Zoology, Government Meera Girls College, Udaipur 313001, India. E. mail: m.maheep@gmail.com,

Abstract: The relationship between fluoride and its toxic effects has been studied for years by researchers. Studies suggest that small amounts of fluoride are beneficial in terms of prevention of dental caries and strengthen bones. Several reports are available on the long-term exposure of fluoride to low/high concentration and adverse effects on organisms. Although plenty of literature is available only a few interprets the results scholarly. The purpose of this article is to review the claims on fluorosis and examining the objectivity or biases of published articles. We present an unconventional interpretation of fluoride toxicity and fluorosis.

Key words: Fluoride, Beneficial and Ill effects

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7.  Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6883-6888 (2020)

 In vitro micropropagation of Asparagus racemosus by using of nodal explants

 Sulava, S.,  Andia, S.P., Bhol, R.  and Jena, S.

 Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, Odisha. E. mail: somanathjena@gmail.com,

Abstract: In vitro micro-propagation of nodal explants of Asparagus racemosus are used as an alternative source of medicinal plants production, to increasing demand of medicinal plants in pharmaceutical industries for their identical phytochemical profiles. The suitable method was developed for rapid shoot multiplication and root elongation of Asparagus racemosus for commercial purposes of medicinal plants. The micro-propagation procedure of Asparagus racemosus with MS medium followed by variable concentrations of plant growth regulators (BAP, IAA, Kinetin and NAA). Although the explants were remained fresh and green up to two weeks of cultures, latter on some started to dry up and were apparently dead at the end of eight weeks of observation period. The axillary buds responded positively when culture medium was supplemented with various growth regulators like BAP, IAA, Kinetin and NAA.  Minimum 3-4 days was required for bud breaking at the concentration of BAP 1.0 mg/l whereas maximally 10-11 days were required for bud breaking at the concentration of BAP 0.1 mg/l of the explants. Multiplication of shoot was highest (MS + BAP 1.0 mg/l) medium composition, while the second best shoot multiplication was obtained in the medium combination of (MS + BAP 0.5 mg/l). The response was very low when MS basal medium was supplemented with higher concentration of BAP along with lower concentration of NAA (MS + BAP 3.0 mg/l + NAA 0.25 mg/l). It was observed that low concentration of cytokinin (1.0 BAP mg/l) was better than higher concentrations cytokinin for shoot multiplication whereas high concentration of auxin (2.0 NAA mg/l) was responsible for root elongation respectively. After all plants were acclimatized with humus containing compost soil and transferred to natural conditions.

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 8. Journal of  Cell and Tissue Research 20(1) 6889-6896 (2020)

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using  Mangifera indica and Aegle marmelos leaf extract (Optimization of the process and anti-microbial activity against bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections)

 Priyadarshini, S., Bhol, R., Sulava, S. and Jena, S.

 Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women’s University, Bhubaneswar 751022, Odisha;
 E. mail: somanathjena@gmail.com,

Abstract: In the current study, green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles was completed by using methanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica L. as well as Aegle marmelos L. The anti-microbial activity was screened against urinary tract infections (UTI) causing bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles derived from Mangifera indica leaf extract inhibited E. coli by 45 ± 1.17 mm, K. pneumoniae by 44 ± 0.05 mm and S. aureus by 39 ± 0.81 mm at concentrations 2 mg/ml. Similarly, silver nanoparticles derived from Aegle marmelos leaf extract inhibited E. coli by 37 ± 0.65, K. pneumoniae by 29 ± 0.47 mm at concentrations 1 mg/ml and S. aureus by 25 ± 0.11 mm at concentrations (2 mg/ml). The higher concentration (2 mg/ml) of Mangifera indica and lower concentration (1 mg/ml) of Aegle marmelos leaf methanolic extract was observed to be effective against human pathogens that are causative agents of urinary tract infections.  Further, same concentration (5mg/mL) of extract revealed an excellent anti-oxidative activity (Mangifera indica : 86.34 ± 0.56; Aegle marmelos : 89.78 ± 0.22) by DPPH method. 

Key words: Mangifera indica L., Aegle marmelos L. Silver nanoparticle, Anti-microbial activity